Innate immune system

C. botulinum is a toxic bacteria deadly to humans. It is found in soils, and decaying animal carcasses throughout the world. It is an obligate anaerobic, spore-forming, gram-positive, rod shaped bacteria. Botulism was discovered by Émile van Ermengem in 1897 after a contaminated piece of ham poisoned thirty people. He was the first to isolate the bacteria, and determined that C. botulinum was capable of producing heat-resistant endospores. He is also credited with discovering the deadly toxin C.…

2.3 Function of Tumour Marker Tumour marker are was the product of cancer. Thus, tumour marker can help to use as assessment for cancer case. Generally, the outcome of tumour marker test is unreliable as the non-cancerous condition may affect the positive results. Prostate Specific Antigen can be used to evaluate prostate cancer. Tumour marker may help to identify and recognise certain specific cancer. The test should be done in a combination of another test, an example is biopsy test. In…

From the beginning of mankind, man has looked for a way to heal illnesses. Jonas Salk found a cure for one of the severely worst illnesses in the history of man, polio. Jonas Salk's polio vaccine was a great discovery of his time, and it is still being used today to eliminate polio worldwide. His discovery of a vaccine against polio was one which was collected of killed viruses producing the antibodies to help the body defeat the disease without inducing it. As the argument heats up between…

Featuring our Microdermabrasion Cosmetic Treatment. What is Microdermabrasion? Microdermabrasion treatments use a nominal abrasive tool to mildly sand your skin, removing the thicker top layer. The essentials of Microdermabrasion treatments consists of removing (or breaking up) the top layer of your skin to allow for the growth of new skin. In a manner of speaking the body interprets this procedure as a small injury and will quickly rush to restore the lost skin cells with healthy skin cells.…

The Parkinson’s disease is in your nervous system and it affects your movement. It starts with a tremor in your hand but although it’s a sign of Parkinson’s disease, this disease also causes stiffness or causes you to move slowly. This disease can’t be cured and it worsens as time passes. In the early stages you may show very little expressions and you may walk without moving your hands. The symptoms of this disease is feeling tremors, slow movement, stooped posture and balance, and change in…

Periodontitis(PD), is an inflammatory disorder of tooth-supporting structures, which initiates loss of periodontal supporting tissues, with tooth mobility increasing and finally tooth loss(1). Furthermore, it is characterized by the periodontal pocket formation and recession of the gingiva. The hallmark clinical feature of established PD is clinical attachment loss(CAL) (2) (3). Chronic periodontitis(CP) is a gingivitis pathological development, which, in contrast, is a reversible inflammation…

Introduction Hepatitis is a condition of the liver inflammation that may be caused by bacterial or viral infection, parasitic infestation, alcohol, drugs, toxins or transfusion of incompatible blood. Hepatitis viruses, which can be sexually transmitted, represent a heterogeneous group of genetically unrelated viruses that target the hepatocytes (liver cells), causing hepatitis. The hepatitis viruses are remarkably different in their physical structure pathology, and epidemiology. And although…

general population. A person infected with Zika can spread the disease with a sex partner during the time of unprotected sex. There is a strong association between Zika and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), which is an autoimmune that causes the immune system to attack healthy nerve cells. People carrying the virus usually do not present with symptoms of the disease, or present with mild…

How has the Ebola virus affected humans and health care around the World? Doctors from all over the United States are trying to make a difference in healthcare in West Africa. The Ebola virus caused a vast amount of fatalities throughout West Africa over the 40 years this disease has been known of. Discovered by Dr. Peter Piot in 1976, health care professionals work hard to educate and to prevent the transmission of the disease as much as possible. The Ebola outbreak in 1976 differs from the…

Public health systems dealt with case finding and isolation, quarantine and helping those who were already infected in healthcare facilities and homes. Prevention of spreading this virus was the key to help the global outbreak. They were focused on decreasing the time that was spent during diagnosing the patient and isolating them. The Public Health system also made sure that everyone around the world was aware and educated about SARS. Toronto’s Public health system took severe measure in…