Infrared spectroscopy

4. Why PdO/TiON NP powders are chosen as photocatalyst? There are many reasons why PdO/TiON NP powders are chosen as a photocatalyst for MTBE mineralization under visible light. These reasons are listed and discussed as follows: 1- The synergistic effect. 2- The ease of synthesis. 3- The memory effect. 4.1 The synergistic effect Nowadays, modified TiO2 by metal and nitrogen is considered as one of the most promising TiO2 based materials for photocatalytic applications, which is able to…

Hooge’s relationship is an empirical relationship based on a large collection of data obtained for flicker noise in semiconductors and metal films. According to this model, the PSD of flicker noise is given by, S(f) = γHV 2 Ncf α Where Nc = ncΩ is the number of free charge carriers in the specimen,nc is the charge carrier density and Ω is the volume of specimen.γH is the Hooges constant, a parameter which characterizes the noise levels of a particular system. The initial value of gamma is…

Introduction: Limonene is a terpene that can be isolated from orange peels almost 100% in the (R)-(+)-limonene form. The essential oil from the orange peel belongs to terpenes, which are compounds that are made up of two or more five carbon units, named isoprene.1 The limonene is a monoterpene, which means it is made up of two isoprene units. Natural products are related compounds formally derived from isoprene units are terpenoids.3 The skeleton of terpenoids may differ from strict additivity…

Joseph von Fraunhofer was a German optician and physicist who discovered and influenced how astronomers view the dark line spectrum, the spectrum of the sun and the diffraction of light. His discoveries turned him as a glassmaker with humble beginnings into a scientists whose discoveries would allow scientists after him to calculate the distances of stars and lead them to recognize that the universe is expanding. On March 6, 1787 in Straubing, Bavaria, Joseph Ritter von Fraunhofer was born into…

To begin the experiment, the Spec 20 was turned on to warm up for 15 minutes and set to maximum absorbance wavelength. Ten test tubes were then prepared. The Spec 20 was set to 0% and a test tube of blank solution (water) was wiped off and placed into the Spec 20. Transmittance was then set to 100% to calibrate the machine. Next, five test tubes were prepared and labeled with one of the standard solutions of 0.05 M, 0.1 M, 0.2 M, and 0.5 M CuSO4 in them. The Spec 20 was set to 600 nm and %…

Introduction: The goal of this lab was for students to learn how to use a spectrophotometer to find the absorbance of four known copper (II) sulfate solutions, four copper (II) sulfate solutions that were created by dilution, and one unknown copper (II) sulfate solution. The purpose of this experiment was to help students learn how to use the Spec-20, learn about the relationship between absorbance and concentration known as the Beer- Lambert law and see the relationship between moles, volume…

A spectroscope takes in light and breaks it into their own individual wavelengths, which are the colored lines we see. The light was produced by electrons, which each have their own quantum, or energy level. When we run a current through the atom, the electron gains energy and jumps to a higher level to its excited state. When they fall back to their ground state, they release their stored energy through the form of light. The line spectra for different atoms differ because they each have a…

were centrifuged and filtered through 0.45 µm filter, diluted suitably and analysed using UV-Visible spectrophotometer (Systronics, India) at λmax of 227nm. All observations were done in triplicate. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy was performed to characterize and investigate the interaction between levofloxacin and coformers stearic acid and saccharin sodium used. The FTIR spectra for pure levofloxacin, stearic acid, sodium saccharin, L-ST1…

3. Objective In this project, a coordination compound, [Co(II)EDTA]2− will be prepared and its magnetic moment will be determined by NMR spectroscopy. A full picture of the clock behaviour will be presented through the combination of measurements provided by NMR spectroscopy alongside those obtained using more orthodox techniques such as UV spectrometry and pH measurements. The experiment in Dr. Evans paper will replicated using the same measurements and techniques. This project is to serve as a…

3.4. Friction Characteristics of the NCD, MCD and boron doped NCD Coatings against Alumina Balls The friction coefficient curves of NCD, MCD and boron-doped diamond films sliding with Al2O3 balls are shown in figure 4, figure 5 and figure 6, respectively, for a sliding speed of 8 m/s and a load of 1N, 5N and 10N, respectively. Figure 4 (a), figure 5 (a) and figure 6 (a) show the friction coefficient of NCD, MCD and BDNCD at 1 N, respectively. Figure 4 (b), figure 5 (b) and figure 6 (b) show…