Infrared spectroscopy

Solventless Reactions: The Aldol Reaction CH204-01 Fadwa Mekkaoui Introduction: An aldol reaction is the formation of a new carbon-carbon bond by the addition of a nucleophile to an electron deficient carbon. The reaction is favorable in Green Chemistry. It demonstrates green principles such as using no solvent and having a high atom economy. In the lab a mixed aldol reaction was performed to synthesize an unsaturated ketone from and aldehyde and ketone. By using an aldehyde, that doesn’t…

Introduction The functional group, ester, is composed of an oxygen atom bonded to a carbon that is double-bonded to an oxygen. Esters occur naturally in flowers, fruits, and spices. Similarly, carboxylic esters are typically used in the formulation of artificial flavorings, as they have characteristic smells and tastes. Isopentyl acetate is a carboxylic ester associated with a banana scent. Ficher-Speier esterfication is the technique used in order to synthesize isopentyl acetate. This type of…

The objective of this experiment is to prepare isopentyl acetate by direct esterification of acetic acid and isopentyl alcohol. Esterification is carried out by utilizing organic chemistry techniques, such as heating under reflux, extraction, and simple distillation. The acid and alcohol would be combined and heated under reflux; which heats/speeds up the reaction without having the reactants/products evaporate or explode. During reflux, the heating and condensing of the vapor prevents any loss…

10.1 SUMMARY The aim of the present investigation was to formulate Raloxifene Hydrochloride Liquisolid compacts, with coadministration of a bioenhancer, for oral bioavailability enhancement. The reason for poor bioavailability (2%) of Raloxifene Hydrochloride is low solubility (100μg/mL) and high hepatic first pass metabolism. According to BCS, Raloxifene Hydrochloride is considered as Class II drug, lipophilic and highly permeable compound. Therefore, formulating Liquisolid Compacts bearing…

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: It has two isomeric forms 1, 2, 3-triazole and 1,2,4-triazol with common molecular formula C2H3N3,and both have 69.06 molecular weight. [2]] 1, 2, 4-triazole derivatives simply exist in solid forms. 3, 4, 5-substituted 1, 2, 4-triazole derivatives melts on thermolysis when heated at high temperature3160C for half an hour. 1, 2, 4-Triazole derivatives are easily soluble in polar solvents and slightly soluble in non-polar solvents. However the solubility in non-polar solvents…

Background This experiment was performed to determine the identity of an unknown organic liquid using physical constants: physical state, color, and odor, the solubility classification: water soluble or insoluble, the results of characterization tests: Lucas test, 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine test, Bromine in Methylene Chloride test, and Ferric hydroxamate test, and analyses of spectral data: IR spectrum and HNMR . All testing samples were added to testing tubes for observation. Data was…

combining the selectivity and catalytic capacity of PB for H2O2, a synergistic effect was observed for the H2O2 detection. The morphology and chemical composition of the MWCNTs@PpPD-PB nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray…

Anisole is activating. The reason it is considered to be activating is because of the electron pairs on the ether molecule. Furthermore, the electrons activate the benzene ring which makes it more reactive. On the other hand, if benzoic acid replaced anisole in the experiment, it would act as a deactivating group. Carboxylic acid pulls electrons from the benzene ring acting as a withdrawing group which causes a slower reaction with the increase of stability and decrease in reactivity due to…

authenticator must have. First, art authenticators must learn how to operate the lab equipment. As mentioned above, a few of the machines might include a spectrophotometer, the machines that preform the polarized light microscopy, the Raman spectroscopy, the infrared spectroscopy, and the scanning electron microscope. They…

Temazepam, commonly known as Restoril, is a sleeping pill that is prescribed to patients. This drug is classified under a type of drugs called benozaphines, which are, “a large group of drugs with sedative and anxiety-reducing properties, which have been found valuable for a large number of uses” (UXL Encyclopedia of Drugs and Addictive Substances). This class of drugs is used to reduce anxiety and help with insomnia. Since temazepam is classified as a benzodiazepine, I was curious as to what…