Informal sector

level of the statutory minimum. If a minimum is set below the market clearing wage, it may still be binding if it is used as a reference point for setting wages higher in the wage distribution. A minimum wage can bind wages both in the formal sector and for informal workers (through the so-called “lighthouse effect”). Besides,…

education, infrastructure, and progressive tax reforms. With the third largest population in Latin America, Colombia currently rests as the second most unequal country in Latin America. If the issue of income inequality in Colombia is not resolved, the informal economy will continue to seize a portion of income that could be included Colombia’s GDP, limiting the potential growth of the country. Colombia must implement two expansionary fiscal policies in order to increase funding for education…

villages and rural areas. Women are also more likely than men to work in the public sector: 43% of employed women work either in government or in government-owned corporations, compared to 33% of men. Men are nearly twice as likely as women to work for a private household. Among women, public sector employment increases with education. For those with less than a primary education, there are few opportunities in the public sector, but 73% of working women with secondary or more schooling hold…

illegal activity. “ Between 1984 and 1992 the average salary in the informal sector grew by 10%, while in the formal sector the increase was only 3%.”(Rubio 805-816) In a greater sense, the growth of the Colombian economy is powered informal sector. Consequently, the elite, upper class and upper middle class are the main bodies behind this growth. Therefore, the poorer part of the community is left with scarce resources, uneducated and exploited. The greatest challenge, as a result, is security…

federal government. In the past, collaboration across sectors has been a challenge in this area. An economic crisis in 2008 initiated the creation of the collaborative effort known as the Eight Neighbors. The partnership is made of eight leaders of an umbrella organizations that include both nonprofit and public sectors of this area. As success increases, the partnership extended to 8 members intending to to endure support of the nonprofit sector. Unfortunately, the partnership then lacked a…

standing putting machine-washed cloths on the clothesline or/and folding them, cooking, or planning for cooking, for example, chopping vegetables and making mixture, or cooking a piece of meal, ironing , housekeeping and extensions of these outside the home, for example, shopping. Domestic worker also work for childcare or care of elderly people. There are no standard standards that choose working conditions. All things considered, employers choose wages however this is frequently the "rate"…

Many marginalised migrants end up working in the unofficial and informal sector. According to the estimate of the National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector (2009), between 94% and the 98% of the poor and vulnerable work in the informal sector. The Commission identifies migrants as being at the bottom of the working class, the most disadvantaged. Informal labourers do not benefit from laws directed at improving pay and conditions of work, when they…

There is a chance that your favorite shoes, soccer ball, clothes, electronics, vehicle and even furniture were made by young and hard working children. Child labor across the globe is a topic that was frequently discussed in my history classes while I was in high school, and one that immediately caught my attention. Are businesses really employing these young children? If so, why are businesses employing the use of these young children? Why are these young children taking on such intense and…

1. INRODUCTION Spaza shops are regularly referred to as examples of small scale entrepreneurial endeavor and accomplishment inside the informal economy of South African townships. The expression "spaza" is taken from the isiZulu dialect, signifying "shrouded" (Bear et al., 2005), and rose in the politically-sanctioned racial segregation time when business open doors for black business visionaries were confined. These micro-convenience stores traded in a clandestine manner to provide township…

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Over the years, the pursuit for good living by many underprivileged Ghanaian youth in our societies has resulted in an increasing menace of street hawking. Street hawking is the act of selling retail goods directly on busy streets in a city/town, and is a major phenomenon in developing countries around the world. According to the Oxford dictionary, a hawker is a person who travels about selling goods, typically advertising them by shouting. Street hawking,…