Informal sector

Table of Content: 1. Definition and Importance of small and medium enterprises. 2. SMEs in Egypt Overview. 3. Challenges of the micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) sector in Egypt. 4. Access to finance in Egypt. 5. Number of SMEs operating in Egypt. Literature review: Definition and Importance of SMEs: There 's no specific definition for SMEs, definition of SME varies according multiple standards such as Size of capital, number of employes, laws and…

committees, and moving towards shifting fiscal responsibility to districts and sub-counties while transferring the rights to farmer associations to contract-out to private entities for extension services, which means more participation of private sector and less centralization (Rivera et al., 2001). The adoption of this organizational model in Sustainable Agricultural Development programs usually requires adaptations to be made in order to meet the specific local circumstances and institutional…

Three Concepts Three of the most important concepts from the readings this week are functional versus dysfunctional conflict, conflict management styles, and organizational use of teams. Functional vs. Dysfunctional Conflict. In the healthcare sector, leaders share a basic truth and understanding in regards to the healthcare environment. Leaders share with staff and prospective staff that the only true…

Social capital is a critical resource for organizations engaged in complex work that spans knowledge domains (Hargadon & Sutton, 1997; Reagans & McEvily, 2003). Actors who span knowledge domains can provide access to non-local expertise and material resources (Burt, 2012; Reagans & McEvily, 2003). These actors, often called “brokers” in social capital and network literature, also have a strong influence on the flow of information and resources through social networks. Brokers can use their…

to develop and promote existing small and micro enterprises to raise funds and income of SMEs, to help the transformation of SMEs from the informal sector to the formal sector, and ultimately contributing to solving and reducing the radical and chronic unemployment problem in Egypt (ABA, 2014). While small and micro enterprises constitute a substantial sector of the Eqyptian economy representing at least 40% of total industrial employment, the scarcity of credit available to micro-entrepreneurs…

Review of Jayati Ghosh’s book “Never Done and Poorly Paid” Divya Mehrotra MA Women’s Studies Tata Institute of Social Sciences 28/03/2015 Inroduction: Issues of labour and employment have been core areas of concern for most economists around the world. The following paper consists of a review of the book titled Never Done and Poorly Paid: Women’s Work in Globalising India written by Jayati Ghosh which was published in 2009 by Women Unlimited, an associate of Kali for women, New…

Receiving both formal and informal trainings is another aspect that will better prepare officers to recruit qualified Asian-Americans. In any organization, whether it is a public or private sector, formal training in human resource management is very critical because it could help an organization flourish and attain great sustainability. In contrast, poor human…

infrastructure in most parts of Dharavi. However rather than going without necessities like water, and electricity, many residents rely on the “land mafia” to provide them with all the services that they need. This “land mafia” makes for a very large informal sector within Dharavi, it is basically a group of people who work to provide utilities to the citizens of Dharavi for a price. Not everyone in Dharavi can afford to pay the price and some are left having to walk miles every day for water.…

In Chile, like Argentina, the country used ISI before the military take over in 1973. The election of Allende in 1970 began a shift towards political and economic socialism in the country without the support of the people. Some of his reforms concerned land distribution, the nationalization of industry and the expansion of social welfare. The Pinochet dictatorship did not implement neoliberal reforms until the late 1970s even as the country was experiencing hardship due to a decrease in oil…

segregation of these workers within their own neighbourhoods. Borne from these “distinctly proletarian” areas came solid and loyal communities with common goals and concerns (141). This new social life revolved largely around pubs, music halls, and other informal meeting places. This informality, as well as the potential for spontaneous discussion within these spaces, are defining characteristics of working class culture and politics. The social networks created in this way would lead to…