Inflammations

Perichondritis, Pediatric Perichondritis is an infection of the outer ear (auricle). The auricle is made of firm, flexible tissue (cartilage) that is covered by a layer of tissue (perichondrium). Infection of the perichondrium (perichondritis) causes a swollen and painful ear. Perichondritis is treated with antibiotic medicine. If the infection is severe, your child may need surgery. Untreated perichondritis can destroy cartilage in the auricle and cause an ear deformity. CAUSES This…

O vergrowth syndromes Longitudinal growth results from multifactorial and complex processes that take place in the broader context of different genetic traits and environmental influences (Neylon, 2012). Overgrowth syndromes comprise a heterogeneous group of disorders that lead to excessive tissue proliferation, which is characterized by a phenotype of excessive somatic and visceral growth. A myriad of syndromes are characterized by substantial localized or asymmetric tissue overgrowth,…

The acute inflammatory response can be stimulated by an infection, tissue necrosis, foreign bodies, or immune reactions. The stimulus is recognized by receptors on the surface phagocytes, dendritic cells, and epithelial cells. The two types of the receptors are the toll like receptors and the inflammasomes. The toll like receptors recognize bacterial and virus DNA and endotoxins and in response produce inflammatory mediators. The inflammasome recognizes microbial or dead cell products or…

For centuries people and physicians have been observing the color of expulsed phlegm to determine the condition of their body's health. Although medical science has through research studies determined otherwise, as we cover in our article below, the habit continues to modern times. Be it as it is, there are several color ranges of phlegm which we list below including: Clear sputum White or gray Green or dark yellow Brown Pink Blood or black Clear sputum The most…

1. Introduction and Literature Review 1.1 Introduction: More than 200 different species of bacteria normally live on the skin (Benbow, 2010) and an open wound provides a moist, warm and nutritious environment perfect for microbial colonisation and proliferation (Young, 2012). When one or more microorganisms multiply in the wound, local and systemic responses occur in the host, which can lead to infection and a subsequent delay in healing (Angel et al., 2011). Cutting (2010) mentioned that…

Psoriasis is a noncontagious, chronic, inflammatory disorder. Patients with psoriasis inherit a genetic predisposition for the disease which can sit dormant in the body. After major stress to the body or immune system the disease can be triggered. Often choosing to manifest on the elbows, knees, and scalp. There are 7 different classification of psoriasis. Plaque Psoriasis which is the most common type is causes large red scaly, inflamed patches usually on the elbows, scalp, and the lumbar…

Equine help in transportation, field work, pulling heavy loads and for pleasures in races and riding. Among the serious problems affecting equine are parasitic infections, of which blood protozoal diseases are considered of great importance in Egypt. The main blood parasites are those belong to family Babesiidae: the cause of equine piroplasmosis (Ahmed, 1981). Equine piroplasmosis remain important diseases for the development of equine industries worldwide, including Egypt, especially…

Abstract: Neuropathic pain (NP) remains the most frequent cause of suffering and disability around world. Paeoniflorin (PF), a water-soluble monoterpene glycoside extracted from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora Pall, has a wide range of pharmacological functions. Neuroprotective effect of PF has been demonstrated in animal models of neuropathologies, however, its mechanism is still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate whether PF could alleviate neuropathic pain and further…

JNK is one of the three branches of MAPK superfamily of serine/threonine protein kinases. Other members of this superfamily are p38 kinases and the ERKs (Kyriakis and Avruch, 2012). In mammals, there are 3 JNK genes: Jnk1, Jnk2, and Jnk3 on 3 different chromosomes, and each mammalian JNK gene has alternative splicing forms (Derijard et al., 1994). JNK is involved in many physiological and pathological processes. The JNK pathway plays a major role in apoptosis. JNK pathway is required for…

Lupus is an autoimmune inflammatory disease. It is a disease that the immune system attacks the healthy tissue and organs of your body. The people who have lupus it can attack the skin, joints, kidneys, blood cells, brain, heart, and lungs. It is hard to diagnose the lupus because it can mimic other ailments. When people are talking about lupus they are talking about the systemic lupus erythematosus or SLE. This is the most common forms of lupus. With this type of lupus it can either be mild…