Inflammation

arthritis. Infliximab is traded under the name “remicade” and is originally licensed by Janssen. It works by binding to TNF-α and inhibits the binding of TNF-α with its receptor. TNF-α is a cytokine (chemical messenger) that is involved in systemic inflammation. CT-P13 (brand name- inflectra) is a biosimilar of infliximab approved by FDA in 2016. A Phase III randomized study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CT-P13 compared with reference infliximab in patients with active rheumatoid…

[7] [8].5-HT influences GI tract physiology (motor and secretory function) following inflammation and is considered important in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Changes in 5-HT content and in EC cell numbers have been reported in association with both IBS and IBD. The abnormal changes of 5-HT are considered to have close correlation with abnormal GI tract motility, visceral hyperalgesia, inflammation etc. [9]…

Asthma is known as a chronic inflammation disorder of the airways and can be divided as atopic and non-atopic. “Atopic asthma also known as extrinsic asthma is triggered by the environment.” (Barnes, 1996) Atopic asthma is the most common form of asthma. Atopic asthma causes inflammation and is mediated by systemic IgE production. Non-atopic asthma is considered intrinsic asthma which is less common. Non-atopic asthma is inflammation and or constriction of the airways that is not caused by…

older with moderate or severe plaque psoriasis. There are three types of Psoriasis treatment which are topical treatments, light therapy and systemic medications. The purposes of these treatments are to stop rapid skin cell development, reduce inflammation, and smoothing out the skin. Topical therapy is a cream or ointments prescribed by a dermatologist, such as topical corticosteroids, vitamin D analogues, topical retinoid, salicylic acid and moisturizers. Light Therapy is the exposing of the…

Protecting the body from disease and infection is the immune system, one of the body’s most important and necessary function. However in some cases, the immune system attacks healthy cells in the body by mistake; which can causes various of problems and diseases in the body. Conditions and diseases of this abnormal response of the immune system are often referred as an autoimmune disease. One of the most common autoimmune diseases is psoriasis, a chronic skin diseases categorized with raised,…

Pseudomonas aeruginosa has many virulence factors, and can live in almost every moist environment using a wide variety of carbon sources, but it rarely causes disease. P. aeruginosa is considered a rare opportunist, due part that it cannot penetrate the skin. It can become life threatening to patients in hospitals, particularly burn victims. “In hospitals, where the most serious infections occur, Pseudomonas can be spread on the hands of healthcare workers or by equipment that gets contaminated…

• Inflammation occur. • Pain and swelling of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and the proximal interphalangeal (PIP). • Edema, which is the cumulative of fluid, occur in the synovium due to the underlying inflammation of the synovium. • The joint spaces between the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) will be narrowing and the soft tissues will be swelling due to the joint effusion, synovitis and the edema. • The dominant hand will usually resulting more joint…

disease that affects many tissues but primarily attacks the joints causing inflammation as a result of the immune response. Resulting in a proliferative synovitis that is a degenerative joint irregularity process. This disease is a serious long-term clinical syndrome with restricted treatment options and deprived outcomes. There are many subsets of this disease but essentially all of them will lead to “persistent synovial inflammation and associated damage to the articular cartilage and…

When a wound’s edges are close together a clot forms. Clots contain fibrin which is a protein that connects the edges of the wound and stops the bleeding. Once a clot has formed and dried it becomes a scab that seals and protects the wound from germs. Epithelium on the edges of the wound goes through regeneration, a process in which new cells of the same function and structure are formed; as the inflammatory responses proceed, epithelium forms under the scab as well. Eventually the wounds edges…

The reasons this patient requires retrograde and antegrade pyelography is because there were three distinct abnormalities on IVP, which could have been responsible for the hematuria. IVP is a more sensitive for detection of small lesions of the ureter or renal pelvis. The IVP has a higher sensitivity and specificity than an abdominal plain film for the detection of stones and provides data about the degree of obstruction. The IVP can also visualize both the bladder and the upper urinary tracts.…