Induced pluripotent stem cell

-In a SCNT, the nucleus of an egg cell is removed and it becomes an enucleated egg cell. -The nucleus is removed because the nucleus contains the majority of the genetic information (DNA). -DNA has a double helix structure and it is made from many nucleotides -Nucleotides are made from a nitrogen base (Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, or Thymine), a phosphate group, and a deoxyribose. -The DNA is stored in the nucleus as chromatin, but during cell division the DNA stored as chromatin condense into…

immune system of a child’s body. The differences and similarities between adult stem cells and embryonic stems is provided as well. In addition, the research paper will explain why modification of stem cells are necessary and what would happen if the cells were left unmodified. Lastly, the use of embryonic stem cells being considered as controversial will be explained. Keywords: SCID, gene therapy, embryonic stem cells Bubble Boy Disease Popped Severe combined immunodeficiency disease is…

It seems every other week there’s a new article on how scientists should escape the ivory tower and reach out to the “general public.” A lack of public trust in scientists is leading to problems such as delayed action on climate change. In many ways, social media has been a boon, allowing scientists to open the door and bring the public into the ivory tower to poke at our pipettes and scales, smell the chemicals and bobcat urine, taste the day-old coffee and stale pizza, and listen to the…

The disease is caused by unequal crossing over is the Alagille syndrome. Its signs and symptoms depend on which part of the body it affected. If it affects the liver, its signs and symptoms are jaundice, itchy skin, and xanthomas. Most people who have this disorder usually “have distinctive facial features including a broad, prominent forehead; deep-set eyes; and a small, pointed chin” (NIH, 2016). This disease is associated with other diseases such as pulmonic stenosis and tetralogy of Fallot.…

fastest growing career since 2010 and is expected to grow by 14% in 2020. Biomedical engineers created the first bionic arm which helped lead up to the inventions of artificial organs such as: bladder , bone , skin , kidney , contact lenses, and brain stem implants , these are all bionic. Currently biomedical engineer are trying to figure out ways to regenerate spinal disks , the creation is given by a syringe into the area without a disk and the substance turns into a gel like…

In scientific terms, aging is referred to as “senescence”. Senescence is the process where cells fail to sufficiently replace the older cells, thus reducing the body’s functional capacity. (merriam-webster, 2016) It appears counter-intuitive for evolution to engineer organisms with a limited life span. However, it is not the intent of evolution to deteriorate our cells. The infinite number of outside factors that bring damage upon a life form are to blame. Our DNA can be harmed by radiation,…

Stem Cells To start off, a stem cell is an undifferentiated cell of a multicellular organism that has the ability to assist other cells of the same type. They come from developed organs and tissues in the human body. You may think of a stem cell as a “blank” cell because it has not decided what it wants to be. It might become a skin cell, heart muscle, nerve cell, bone cell, etc. The use of stem cells is a controversial topic. You can view the use of stem cells through different points of views…

means that the historical experiences from the parent’s life experiences can be passed down in the form of epigenetic tags. How does epigenetic marks overcome the reproductive barrier? Most complex organisms develop from specialized reproductive cells (eggs and sperm in animals). Two reproductive…

and Mutations article. In the article DNA and Mutations, scientists have found two different genetic occurrences in multiple individuals bodies called, mosaicism and chimerism. Chimerism involves a single organism who contains genetically distinct cells, which most likely come from a twin or a parent/ fetus. Mosaicism is when a single organism has two different genotypes within their body. The article explains this phenomenon through instances found on accident. But these incidences no longer…

physiology and biochemistry (82). It will allow us to test and compare the ability to repopulate livers with different cell sources which have had limited success in the mouse (3). Primary human hepatocytes have been shown to efficiently repopulate recipient livers (32), however with limited access to large quantities, researchers must examine whether other types of hepatic stem cells can act as potential donors as well. Having an efficient model that can be used to perform repopulation…