The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is often thought of an institution with formal rules and procedures that guide its lending decisions based on severity of the economic problems facing borrowing countries. However, in his paper, “The Scope of IMF Conditionality”, Stone argued that the IMF is also a political organization with countries like the US intervening in lending decisions through informal processes to further their geopolitical and financial interests. To Stone, the continuous US…
China has claimed land in the South China Sea, which has threatened neighboring countries and the United States. As US Representative to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), I have come up with a policy that goes along with the current Representative, Secretary Jacob Lew to reduce the threat through economic means. Currently, “The United States does not take a position on the sovereignty of any of the land features in the South China Sea, but we do believe that all claimants should exercise…
ve the developed countries the advantage when they purchased these materials from the developing nations (Martinussen, 1997: 91). This practice was seen as a catalyst of underdevelopment. Emmanuel’s theory became the subject of much debate and many theorists reworked some of his ideas. In the 1970s Geoffery Kay came up with his own theory of unequal exchange and he attempted to incorporate the ideas of Emmanuel to it to try and explain his ideas on the causes of underdevelopment. His theory…
The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund are very important engines in the greater machine of globalization. Depending on the perspective, their operations over their existence Africa can be seen as a success, or a series of failures. I believe that ultimately they have failed Africa. The problems lie with the greater capitalist system of globalisation that ostensibly sends funds to help developing countries, but places conditions and demands that benefit hegemonic political and…
13 Name Professor Course Date BRETTON WOODS SYSTEM INTRODUCTION Bretton Woods’s system was established in 1944, the main aim of the system was to set pose regulations which led to the dollar to be the main international currency. This currency was the main requirement to of payment and purchase of foreign goods and services. This led to the straining of the underdeveloped markets which were not able to access the dollar, this led to them depending on the US to rend them the dollar to help in…
In a chapter of his book entitled How the Aid Industry Works, Arjan de Haan presents four main challenges facing the aid industry as a whole in the twenty-first century. First, he argues that the number of relevant actors has increased, posing challenges of coordination and increasing the potential for conflicting approaches. He provides the following example to back up this claim: “the focus of China’s aid on infrastructure is generally regarded as very welcome, because this has been an area…
comfortability of maintaining that status and “shut down” the “forces pitted against them” The result of bad governance leads to failing states and an overall failure to its citizens.” In addition, when the government fails its citizens, that may provoke a danger conception of living. When countries have a steady government and good policies, they can flourish. If bad policies are written and elites continue to run the government, these countries will remain trapped as “failing states.”…
America has been leading the world in the cotton industry for over 200 years (Rivoli 7). This is surprising for many reasons. America is competing with the world’s poorest, least developed countries. These countries have some of the lowest labor costs in the world whereas America’s labor costs are among the world’s highest (Rivoli 5). Another surprising factor is that cotton itself seems like a doubtful contestant for economic success. Despite these factors, America has continued to remain the…
To fund the Basic income program, we must do away with all social programs we have already, meaning unemployment, food stamps, disability, and even social security (Munger 504). Those programs use about 1 trillion of US dollars a year (Pugh). We will also…
Before Frank Abagnale became one of the most well-known impostors on the list, he spent his childhood in New York City and was especially close to his father. However, Frank’s stable younger life ended early at the age of sixteen, when his mother decided to leave his father and worked to her independence. Frank’s life was turned upside-down, he ran away from home. With little in his bank account and no formal education, Frank found out no one would take him seriously and offer him a decent job.…