Incubation period

infection model to study pathogenesis of the virus such as HIV and SARS as they are more similar to human beings as compared to rats and other lab animals they provide accurate knowledge of virus action which tells us predilection site of virus its incubation period and virulence and most importantly clinical disease progress. Having primates as animal model provides us a way to upscale virus production because a large amount of virus can be cultivated by inoculating it in non human primates…

Owls are a nocturnal birds of prey with large eyes, a facial disc, a hooked beak, and typically a loud hooting call. Owls belong to a group of birds that includes about 205 species.These species are sorted into two basic groups, the true owls or typical owls, Strigidae; and the barn owls, Tytonidae. There are 16 species of barn owls. Typical owls are more diverse than barn owls, with nearly 190 species in about 23 genera. Typical owl is from 5 to 28 inches tall (13 to 71 centimeters); Barn…

The development of vaccines has stimulated a decline in the incidence of many infectious diseases and their associated high mortality rates. Diseases that once threatened large populations are now controlled through the implementation of effective vaccination programs. Variola or smallpox, one of these diseases, was once a major health concern with a high mortality rate. Through a global vaccination effort, the disease is now considered irradiated, however, in the aftermath of the terrorist…

This infection is transmitted via respiratory droplets, with the replication of viruses occurring in the bronchial and tracheal epithelial cells. After the incubation period (2-4) days, the measles virus enters the localized lymphatic tissue. Before the appearance of the rash, the virus travels to different organs (Gans & Maldonado, 2016). Mumps, the second aspect of the MMR vaccination, also spread by respiratory…

Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as impetigo, strep throat, etc., is a flesh eating bacteria, that if left untreated, can lead to very serious symptoms. This bacterium is responsible for a wide array of infections. It can cause a sore throat, that is caused by, fever, enlarged tonsils, and sensitive cervical lymph nodes. Scarlet fever, as well as impetigo, and pneumonia are also caused by this bacterium. The less common infections consist of septicaemia, mastitis,…

what is known as a spongiform encephalopathy. The word spongiform means that the disease erodes brain tissue, creating microscopic holes that make the tissue look like a sponge.” An interesting part of this disease is that victims go through a period of incubation from the first time they are affected to the time they notice the first symptom occur, some which include neurological…

chick positioning in a great tit, Parus major, nests, “the angle between male and female feeding position varies across nests between 0 degrees and 180 degrees and the individual feeding location of each parent appears to be stable over the nestling period”. This situation creates a source of contention between siblings over food. If a parent provides food from the same position in the nest, there is only one advantageous feeding site for the siblings to compete for but if both parents feed at…

In the first part of the lab we were able to study the diffusion of various carbohydrates and the osmosis of water. Diffusion is the process of small molecules moving through a semipermeable membrane while osmosis of water is the movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water potential (low solute potential) to an area of low water potential (high solute potential). Both diffusion and osmosis move in the direction that would create equilibrium on both sides of the…

streptococci (GAS). This infection is most prevalent in the winter time. It is estimated that 15% to 25% of pharyngitis cases in children are caused by GAS. GAS is transmitted by direct contact with respiratory secretions or large droplets, and the incubation period is between 2 and 5 days. The patient usually presents complaining of sudden onset of sore throat, painful swallowing, fever, chills, headache, nausea, vomiting, and cough (Buttaro, Trybulski, Bailey & Sandberg-Cook, 2013).…

From the patient, unknown bacteria #618 was identified to be Escherichia coli. It is apart of the Enterobacteriae genus that according to Brown’s Microbiological Applications1 are gram-negative bacteria that usually live inside the intestines of animals and humans. The organism can also live in the vagina and urethra. The data collected after isolating the organism and executing a series of tests have confirmed previous observations of E. coli in past scientific history. For the majority of…