In vivo

Determination of permeability Methods range from simple oil/water partition coefficient to absolute bioavailability studies. These include human studies, in vivo intestinal perfusion in a suitable animal model, in vitro permeability methods using excised intestinal tissues and monolayers of suitable epithelial cells. Solubility Enhancement Solubility enhancements or improvement methods are generally divided…

Introduction There are multiple Immunological techniques or tests used for starting and measuring an immune response (1). Antibodies and antigens found in our immune system is done by immunoassays (2). The majority of immunological tests are based on the adaptive immune system. Substances recognized by our immune system are antigens. Injections are done by a trained health care professional to test for an immune response. The antibodies work together to fight antigens. Immunologists can inject…

noradrenergic neurons in the adult brain. For example, all four transcription factors are always present in fully differentiated noradrenergic neurons in the brain. Furthermore, they are required for the maintenance of mature noradrenergic neurons in vivo and for the continued expression of DA β-hydroxylase (DBH) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in…

called ex vivo gene therapy, or by direct delivery of therapeutic gene into the patients called in vivo gene therapy (Giacca…

Phyllanthus niruri Extracts of Phyllanthus niruri have been studied for biological activities in various animal models and in vitro models and reported to possess significant antimicrobial, antiviral, hepato protective, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiplasmodial, antiurolithiatic and diuretic. The phytochemical studies were characterized and the presence of various compounds such as lignans, phyllanthin, hypophyllanthin, flavonoids, glycosinoids & tannins was mentioned (Narendra…

What is one thing that people would like to see a little less of in the world? Most people would agree that the world would be a far more enjoyable place if there was less pain and suffering. Specifically, if there was less disease. People do not wish disease upon themselves, loved ones, or anyone for that matter. Although, medicine has evolved tremendously over the past century, there are still many bodily conditions that are yet to be treated. Thankfully, new advancements in technology and…

The Genetics and IVF Insitute defines in vitro fertilization as fertilization that happens outside the body. When it happens in the body, it is called in vivo (Genetics & IVF Institute). In vitro fertilization is a costly procedure, ranging from $10,000 to $12,000 per attempt, and that does not guarantee 100% success rate. There are also chances for abandoned eggs, where eggs are just stored and not used…

The shortage of transplantable donor organs has profound consequences, especially for patients with end-stage lung disease, for which transplantation remains the only definitive treatment. Although advances in ex vivo lung perfusion have enabled the evaluation and reconditioning of marginally unacceptable donor lungs, clinical use of the technique is limited to ~6 h. Extending the duration of extracorporeal organ support from hours to days would enable longer recovery and recipient-specific…

PDAC biomarker identification and validation. Biomarkers in ex vivo expanded CTCs will be recognized by stringent statistical analysis and subjected to further characterization in three studies. First, we will confirm the association of biomarkers with CTCs and CTC-PDX models. Second, the biomarkers will be validated for correlation with clinical PDAC metastasis and therapeutic resistance. Finally, we will retrospectively test the application of selected biomarkers in PDAC diagnosis, treatment…

the anatomical structure and environment of part of the organ or the entire organ itself. This is an extremely promising method as it would serve as a readymade transplantable kidney or section to replace a damaged one that would also mimic the in vivo 6 environment. Two of the most common methods of developing scaffolds are decellularized organs and biocompatible polymers. The advantage of developing a whole scaffold would enable an organ to be entirely transplanted into a patient without the…