In vivo

Xenotransplantation: A Risk Worth Taking? What transpired in October 1984 was something akin to a scene in a science fiction novel: the first ever infant was transplanted with a baboon heart. The baby came to be known as Baby Fae, and because of a rare heart condition—and lack of money thereof—the mother gave a green light in having the transplantation of a baboon heart performed. But unlike science fiction novels, the procedure, called xenotransplantation—which involves transplanting nonhuman…

The multifunctional protein, beta-catenin (CTNNB1) acts on many critical roles in the cell life cycle, including cell differentiation, proliferation and cell-cell contact (Ozwan et al., 1989), CTNNB1 plays a central role in canonical WNT signaling pathway to success the gene transcription process (Clevers and Nusse., 2012). Regulation and degradation of CTNNB1 take place at the cellular level through phosphorylation of serine and/or threonine amino acid residues. Specific kinase proteins…

Self-modification: Social Anxiety Intervention Communication is a huge part of our daily lives. Finishing high school, I decided to move away from home to start college. I wanted to experience another city and meet new people, only to realize that meeting new people was not my strongest suit. I've always identified myself as an introvert so for the longest I would use that as accuse to explain why I was a loner. After researching a few things, I learned that I was suffering from social anxiety.…

PERIODONTOLOGY LLLT stimulates fibroblasts for faster regeneration of soft tissue, while providing analgesia and a modulation of the inflammatory chemicals that cause pain and discomfort. LLLT when used in conjunction with surgical lasers for treatment such as gingivectomy, periodontitis and periodontal surgery, have shown great promise in achieving improved clinical outcomes. A 2006 study12 showed a statistically significant decrease in pocket depth at 21 and 28 days postsurgery. Moreover,…

phenomenon of positive herb-herb interaction is known as synergism. In traditional medicine whole plants or mixtures of plants are used rather than isolated compounds. There is evidence that crude plant extracts often have greater in vitro or/and in vivo antiplasmodial activity than isolated constituents at an equivalent…

(Fleming et al., 1994; Rogers & Newberne, 1975). In order to clarify the interaction between AFB1 with IECs, Watzl et al. determined the cytotoxicity and DNA-damage of jejunal epithelial cells of the Brown Norway (BN) rats induced by AFB1 in vitro and in vivo. They found AFB1 can induce genotoxicity in isolated epithelial cells of jejunum (430 mM, in vitro), but short-term oral exposure at moderate doses (100 mg/kg b.w./week) did not impair the local immune system of the gut (Watzl et al.,…

usage of the protease inhibitor cocktail AEBSF after cell lysis, which is known to interfere with protein crystallization. The next steps after storage of the frozen protein are to remove any endotoxins in the protein solution in order to be used in in vivo drug…

Can Cosmetic Testing be 100% Cruelty Free? Imagine this, your household pet such as a dog, rabbit, guinea pig, etc being put through horrific tests that are designed solely to inflict pain and determine how much damage one product is capable of. What you just imagined is not merely a figure of your imagination, but the harsh reality of cosmetic animal testing. Innocent animals are used everyday in laboratories to determine the level of toxicity, irritancy, and overall lethalness a cosmetic…

infection causes severe defects in splenic T-lymphocyte functions in form of decreased responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A and fall in interleukin production. Macrophage concentration and functions are also severely reduced after in vivo or in vitro exposure to the virus such as interleukin-l (IL-1) production, Fc receptor expression, phagocytosis and bactericidal activity (Cloud et al., 1992; McConnell et al., 1993a & b). The adverse effects of the virus on lymphocyte and…

Section A “Selective Connexin43 Inhibition Prevents Isoproterenol-Induced Arrhythmias and Lethality in Muscular Dystrophy Mice” is a research paper that was conducted by Dr. Fraidenraich and his colleagues. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe form of muscular dystrophy that is life threatening and associated with muscle degeneration. It affects many newborn males, meaning that it is caused by an X-linked mutation. This mutation leads to the absence of a very important protein called,…