In vitro

and proteins which are naturally occurring components that help maintain healthy joints and connective tissues. Based on their experiments, the eggshell didn’t exhibit cytotoxic effects at the dose of 100 μg in an in vitro human cell viability assay, genotoxic effects in an in vitro assay of four strains of histidine-dependent Salmonella typhimurium and one strain of tryptophan-dependent Escherichia coli at a dose of up to 5000 μg, and acute toxicity when it was tested in rats at a single oral…

Disk diffusion method is an in-vitro determination of antimicrobial susceptibility. These in-vitro results may not always similar with in vivo efficacy. Susceptibility testing microorganisms by disk diffusion should be carried on uncontaminated culture. We should subculture the microorganism strains and re-test it…

Did you know that over a 100 million animals are killed due to animal testing in the U.S. alone (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals)? Animal testing is the use of animals for testing in a lab and performing harmful and deadly experiments on including mice, rats, frogs, dogs, cats, rabbits, hamsters, guinea pigs, birds, monkeys, and fish. Animal testing is a controversial topic because some people say that it is a good thing and that animal lives can and should be sacrificed if it helps…

They discovered a form of testing called in vitro which was based on human cells using robotic screening (Bin, A264). Through this method, human tissue is grown in test tubes which are then exposed to the new substances being tested (Cole). Test tube testing eliminates animals from being poisoned…

Few examples exist that truly show how cruel people can be, and animal testing is high on the list. Imagine a beloved animal, caged in stainless steel, shaking, being analyzed for the effects of a new ingredient in a beauty product. Millions are drawn to protest the tests conducted for vanity, and some countries have already placed laws in action to ban the practice. The fight continues in the U.S. for the welfare of animals that are still undergoing vile tests so that people can have cosmetic…

Stem cells are cells that are undifferentiated or also known as not being assigned to a specific functioning cell within the body. With having this characteristic, stem cells have the amazing potential to become many different cell types in the body during early life and growth. They have the capability to renew themselves through cell division and they can also be differentiated. When a stem cell divides, each new cell has a possibility to remain a stem cell or they can be induced to become a…

Original Publication: In-vitro replication of Chelonid herpesvirus 5 in organotypic skin cultures from Hawaiian green turtles (Chelonia…

Animal Testing Animal testing is a controversial issue that has been occurring in the United States for many years. Over 100 million animals are used for every year for chemical, drug, food, and cosmetic testing. These animals are kept in poor living conditions and experience pain and suffering. Animal testing is wrong and unethical and alternative methods exist that could help prevent this testing. The way animal testing is exercised in America today is inhumane. Everyday hundreds of…

CRISPR stand for: Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat. The CRISPR is repeat spacer array contain a series of short direct repeats interspaced with short sequence which had been detected in the genome of many bacteria and archaea. The CRISPR method is based on the natural defense system used by bacteria to protect themselves from invading viruses. When the DNA of virus detected by bacterium, the CRISPR RNA as a guide RNA which contain a sequence, match to the invading virus…

attached to whoever else they spend more time with. The last trend is reproductive technologies, which has evolved over the years. Since 1978, there’s been tens of thousands who have been born out of a test tube also called vitro fertilization, the concept of in vitro fertilization is for couples who can’t conceive a baby on their own. This procedure is an alternative for many couples to have a family. I have some friends who couldn’t conceive so they did this, they told me it was the best…