In vitro

Simultaneously, some roundworms will be left unexposed on media M199 (negative control) to determine how long the roundworms would remain viable and alive in vitro. The roundworms will be exposed to the extract of Momordica charantia and will be statistically compared to the positive and negative controls (Duthaler et al., 2010) AQUEOUS LEAF EXTRACT CULTURE MEDIA (ml) EXTRACT…

embryonic stem cells (hESCs) continue to be a leading topic to scientific discussions due to their potential medical advantages. Embryonic stem cells originate from gathering and culturing the cell mass from a blastocyst stage embryo developed via in vitro fertilization in specialized fertilization clinics. Human stem cells are great for utilization in clinics and research about the development of the human body. This work consists of identifying how undifferentiated stem cells become the…

Physiology of early miscarriage Sporadic miscarriage occurs before embryo development represent a physiological phenomenon, which prevents congenitally malformed or chromosomally abnormal embryos to progress to viability. Congenital and/or chromosomal abnormalities incompatible with life observed in 85% of early clinical miscarriages.[5] However, some aneuploidies can survive to term pregnancy as trisomy 21. The fetal chromosomal abnormalities of maternal origin are related to the advanced…

Craniofacial defects such as cleft lip and cleft palate which occur as an isolated condition, or may be one component of an inherited disease or syndrome are among the most common of all birth defects. Cleft lips and palates are frequent congenital craniofacial malformations, with an incidence of 1.5-2.5 per 1,000 live births. Children who have an orofacial cleft require several surgical procedures. Most large defects, also known as critical bone defects are successfully treated with allogenous…

engineering. Furthermore, genetic engineering did not start appearing clearly until the 1970’s. Methods were being used to clone and isolate DNA with the use of restrictive enzymes. In addition, the term “IVF” which stands for In Vitro fertilization, was invented during this time. In-Vitro Fertilization is…

SOD1 is demonstrated in vivo and in vitro. The mitochondria inside cells firmly control apoptosis, and the mutant SOD1 that aggregates inside mitochondria triggers the programmed cell death of motor neurons (Pasinelli et al. 2004). One experiment studied proteins that interact with mutant SOD1, specifically Bcl-2 which is anti-apoptotic, in order to explain the apoptotic nature of mutant SOD1 (Pasinelli et al. 2004). The methods that were used involve in vitro approaches and Western blot…

the systemic inflammation in patients along chronic obstructive lung disease COPD [7].however Human IL-8 is a compelling Chemoattractant and stimulant like Eosinophilic cells, As the main representative of the CXC Chemokines, is on the in vivo and vitro…

This definition does not do the stem cell justice. Stem cells are cells that have yet to develop a purpose. They are used in various tissues and organs throughout the body to repair and replace cells that can no longer preform their function properly. The term stem cell was first used in 1868 by biologist Ernst Haeckel. He was using the term to describe a fertilized egg that becomes an organism. This is the basis of what an actual stem cell is, one type of cell that becomes another. The next…

Animals have been used to aid biomedical research for centuries. Greek physician-scientists, such as Aristotle, (384 – 322 BC) and Erasistratus, (304 – 258 BC), performed experiments on living animals. An Arab physician in twelfth century Spain, Ibn Zuhr, introduced animal testing as an experimental method for testing surgical procedures before applying them to human patients (Hajar). Recently, however, the science and medical community has come under fire for these experiments. Many have…

Now, to the con side of the argument. The “welfarist-reformist” idea mentioned above, while supported by groups like the Humane Society, have been denounced by stricter animal rights proponents, such as Tom Regan and Gary Francione, who consider reformist attitudes to justify and and feed animal exploitation. (Franco, 2013) As mentioned, animal ethics and the advocation for their rights was on the rise, and this wave of thinking was so powerful and influential that “humane science” became a…