In Cold Blood

- The developing fetus does not breath by drawing in air into its lungs like an adult does. Instead, the fetus draws its oxygen from the mother’s blood where the oxygen content is low. The hemoglobin in adults consist of two alpha and two beta subunits. Fetal hemoglobin consists of two alpha and two gamma subunits. This allows hemoglobin to bind oxygen with higher affinity compared to adult hemoglobin, allowing the extraction of oxygen from maternal circulation. It Is important in fetal…

runny nose, cough, head and chest congestion. He has a history of atrial fibrillation and is on warfarin 7mg PO daily. As he experiencing heart burn, he started to take over the counter cimetidine for last three weeks. His physical examination shows, blood pressure 180/95, irregular heart rhythm with a heart rate of 75 and he weighs 95 KG. His abnormal lab value includes, serum Digoxin level of 3.8 ng/ml (Normal serum digoxin level is 0.5–2 ng/mL) and INR value of 4.8 (Normal INR level is 2.0 -…

is released from the adrenal gland, it helps maintain homeostasis. It helps you regulate stress. But if you have too much of it in your body it will attach the body and weaken the immune system. This make you more likely to catch Influenza and the cold, it also make it hard to get over it. But there is good news! You can combat stress and their effects! It won’t be immediate, but after a while you will feel that you have less stress. It’s either changing your routine, finding a new hobby, or…

According to the article "Heart Attack vs Cardiac Arrest: When to Give CPR?” a Heart Attack is caused by a circulation problem that blocks blood flow to the heart, while a Cardiac Arrest is an electrical problem that causes the heart to stop beating because there’s a heart malfunction. To spot the difference between a person having a Cardiac Arrest or Heart attack and whether or not they need…

inflexible tissues that is prone to future injury and pain. Tight or damaged muscles are usually deprived of blood…

energy level, have you noticed any tiredness, weight loss? HEENT: Do you have any headache? Do you have any pain, drainage or itching in your eyes, ears and nose? Have you noticed any sinus pressure or congestion? Do you have any recent cough or cold? Do you have any blurry vision, photophobia or vision change? Have you noticed any changes in the sense of smell, taste or any hearing loss? Do you have any sore throat? Do you have any difficulty swallowing? NECK/LYMPHATIC: Do you have any pain…

disease that affects the cardiovascular system. It occurs when the blood vessels stiffen and prevent blood and nutrients from circulating to the organs and other body parts. Many people consider it a heart problem, but it can affect the circulatory system in any part of the body. Symptoms of arteriosclerosis include chest pain, leg pain, numbness, poor circulation (cold hands or feet), leg cramps, blurred vision, and high blood pressure. However, these symptoms do not affect many of those…

equilibrium even when faced with external environmental changes. This is achieved through either positive or negative feedback loop controls associated mainly with the endocrine and nervous systems. Principal homeostatic processes include regulation of blood pH, glucose, osmoregulation, and also temperature. Although some homeostatic mechanisms such as temperature control are unique to mammals and birds, all living organisms depend on effective internal regulation to some extent for survival. …

dermis layer is what secures the body together. The dermis is also made of fibrous tissue and has two major sections. One section is called the papillary layer and the other section is called the reticular layer. The dermis also has sensory receptors, blood vessels, and nerves. 1. The papillary layer- The papillary coating has dermal papillae and the covering is part of the higher dermal division. Most of the papillae have loops called capillary. They give the epidermis the source of…

The cardiovascular, respiratory, sensory and endocrine systems play important roles in the functioning of the human body. The cardiovascular system involves the heart, blood and blood vessels, the respiratory system involves organs and structures, which allow the body to breath, the sensory system allows the body to receive external and internal information while the endocrine system involves the glands and secretes hormones throughout the body. The 4 systems to be discussed all work together to…