Immunology

All humans are designed with two types of immunity; innate and adaptive. The innate immune system can distinguish between different classes of pathogens and recruit the most effective form of adaptive immune response to eliminate them. Adaptive responses are a response that the body adapts to certain injuries or insults. Innate responses are non-specific to the insult. Unlike innate immune responses, the adaptive responses are highly specific to the particular pathogen that induced them (Alberts…

Daisy’s fingers are aching, her heart is racing, and her eyes keep on alternating from the clock to the eclass discussion opened up on her desktop. Abruptly, “Don’t you have to go to sleep, it’s almost midnight,” yells Daisy’s mother. The anxiety and stress from the urge to finish her assignment on time and the pressure from her mother, puts Daisy in a difficult dilemma. Daisy has many commitments that she has made, just not enough time to complete them. Stress is a common predicament in America…

Flu season has started you look around yourself and you see that more and more people are getting sick. They’re spreading their germs through their runny nose, their coughing, their sneezing, and what they touch… Before you know it you’ll get sick as well and you’ll be the one spreading illness to the ones around you. But this can all be easily avoided. From the common cold to an outbreak of a deadly disease, getting vaccinated can save you and the ones around you from getting sick. Diseases…

When a child is diagnosed with a life threatening diseases their immune systems are sometimes compromised. What this means is their bodies natural ability to fight off infections and diseases is greatly reduced or reduced so much that it is almost nonexistent. There are many different diseases and conditions a person can have that can lead to a compromised immune system. A few of them often present in children include cancer and organ transplants. Some children are also born with immune systems…

The job of the immune system is to be a defense mechanism against diseases and any other harmful substance that enters the body. When it is functioning properly the immune system will attack any invaders and neutralize that specific threat. It will also create an encoding of that specific disease or sickness so that the body can never be harmed by that specific one ever again. So essentially the immune system is an ever changing and constantly strengthening tool that is essential in maintaining…

The objective for this report is to explain all the failures that might occur while making Pyrex and what are the cure that will help to prevent all of the causes and failures. Corning Inc. introduced Pyrex cookware in the market. Later, Pyrex was expanded to make clear and opal ware objects. Pyrex has a unique property that is Lower thermal expansion. Pyrex cookware is mostly made of borosilicate but it was later replaced by soda lime glass because that has a strong mechanical strength. Another…

Vaccination is the process of injecting antigenic material to stimulate immune response. Conventional vaccines insert attenuated or killed infectious agent, such as virus or antigenic protein, into the body to stimulate immune system to develop immunity against the pathogen. However, this type of vaccines has some weakness. For example, attenuated virus may suddenly become very active in the body and cause disease instead of stimulating immune response. Conventional vaccines also unable to…

Herd immunity occurs when the majority of a population is immunized against a contagious disease and therefore the disease cannot circulate and dies out (Pierik, 2015). Recently, vaccination refusers have threatened herd immunity for a number of incurable but preventable infectious pathologies described by Roland Pierik in Mandatory Vaccination: an Unqualified Defense (2015). This essay will elaborate on Pierik’s main and counter arguments that childhood vaccinations should be a legal obligation…

Vaccination is an approach of immunization through the inclusion of a pathogen in the human body, that is weakened to ensure that the body reacts by producing antibodies against the disease that you want to prevent. This revolutionary method was discovered by British doctor Edward Jenner in 1796, who found out that by inoculating people with the cowpox virus they were also protected from the smallpox virus and that the immunity could be passed from one person to another. I have to stress…

In science-based medicine, the vaccination theory states that an individual being infected with a “weakened form” of the virus has the propensity to develop some form of resistance towards the virus itself. This is a case study of the epidemic of smallpox inflicted on man. It had been remarked that those who have succumbed to the disease before, will be immune to it at a later time. Administration of the infective agent was perceived to have expressed some possible immunity in those who were in…