Immunoassay

HIV/AIDS has been an untreatable and intractable epidemic since 1981. Many people are unsure of the drastic changes and developments made with this disease. The Centers for Disease Control made a timeline indicating the exact order in which the scientist reported their finding. The Centers for Disease Control (2015) noted information publicly from June 5, 1981 to October 20, 2015, indicating how the disease was found to the information we possess in the 21st century. In Los Angeles, California…

time [17]. GA was proposed as a new marker with shorter life expectancy (12 to 21 days) [17, 30, 31]. This means that GA levels can monitor the patient 's condition for 2 to 3 weeks [4]. There are many methods for measuring GA [33], including immunoassay-related techniques (such as enzyme linked immunosorbent assays) [17, 34], boronate affinity chromatography[17, 35], high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)…

capabilities (How could we…laboratory, 2008). In addition with a single sample, multiple diagnostic test could be performed simultaneously resulting in a basic metabolic panel, critical care parameters, coagulation, specific clinical-chemistry analysis, immunoassay and molecular diagnostics and provide an actionable report…

Using either a manual or automatic staining process, the immunoassay will identify the ALK target antigen on freshly prepared and fixed patient sample slides. After the localization of the antigen the antibody-antigen binding site will be made visible under a light microscope by a colored reaction. Methods to visualize…

When external antigen causes disease by infection, cell-mediated immune response in our body acts as basal defense system against exogenous pathogen. Native and adoptive immune system has established to attack infected cell by recognizing major histocompatibility complex (MHC). There are two major lymphocytes related to killing effect called cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells.[1], CTLs and NK cells recognize peptide epitope present on MHC class I to find infected cell.…

reactive or positive antibody test means that Hepatitis C antibodies were found in the blood and a person has been infected with the Hepatitis C virus at some point in time”(CDC,2016). The main diagnostic tests used for HCV are antibody enzyme immunoassay (EIA) test, a third generation test used for people with abnormal liver function test and clinical signs of liver disease. Recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) used to confirm a positive EIA, and quantitative HCV RNA polymerase chain reaction.…

Objectives: To evaluate the association of glutathione S- transferase mu 1 (GST M1) and glutathione S- transferase theta 1 (GST T1) polymorphisms with the development of T1DM and disease-related risk factors. Materials and Methods: The study included 64 diabetic children with T1DM and 41 control subjects. They were subjected to: history taking anthropometric measurements and laboratory parameters included fasting glucose, serum creatinine, lipid profile, HbA1cand evaluation of GST T1 and M1…

Athletes and Performance- Enhancing Drugs Performance- enhancing drugs are pharmaceutical products or illegal drugs that are used by sports people to gain a competitive advantage over those who do not use them. Performance enhancing drugs commonly used include anabolic androgenic steroids, testosterone, human growth hormone, erythropoietin and other androgens (Grace & Baker, 2012). These drugs for example anabolic androgenic steroids imitate the activity of natural testosterone and lead to fast…

Although clinical presentation is often varied and nonspecific, majority of patients present with fever, fatigue, myalgia, rash, and headache within 4 weeks of HIVexposure. Patients with AIDS may show signs of opportunistic infections HIV-1/2 immunoassay and HIV RNA tests are used to confirm the presence of HIV infection, and CD4+ T lymphocyte testing is used to confirm the CDC classification of AIDS Patients with AIDS often have significant comorbidities, the most common of which include HBV,…

Salmonella infection in food is the one of the major causes of foodborne illnesses including fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and nausea. Thus, early detection of Salmonella contamination is important for our healthy life. Conventional detection methods for the food contamination have limitations in sensitivity and rapidity, thus the early phase detection has been difficult. Herein, we developed a bioelectronic nose using a carbon nanotube (CNT) field-effect transistor (FET) functionalized with…