Immunity

Should Genetic Engineering be used to add Intelligence Genes to Humans? If you have the ability to design your own child, what kind of genes would you add? Would it be genes associated with attractive physical appearance, strong immunity, or great intelligence? In the article Future Humans: Four Ways We May, or May Not, Evolve, James Owen gives four predictions regarding the future of humanity, one of which predicts that in the future, the path of artificial selection would be directed by…

variety of factors are bringing about the disappearance of the honey bee. Environmental issues and mites are creating an inhospitable and fatal living space. Pesticides and diseases are causing a great amount of bees to die rapidly from a lack of immunity. The mystery condition of colony collapse disorder is causing the greatest detrimental impact upon the entire honey bee population. The human race is the last line of defense before each breed of honey bee becomes extinct. A variety of methods…

“Vaccines save lives; fear endangers them. It 's a simple message parent need to keep hearing” (Jeffrey Kluger). Immunizations are the most important things for a child to receive in their young years. There are many immunizations made for different types of serious diseases such as measles, polio, and smallpox. Edward Jenner was the first person to create an Immunization or vaccination. He created the vaccine for smallpox in 1796. Smallpox was a serious and contagious disease that would be…

Vaccines for the longest time have been under scrutiny, for their alleged correlation with autism and other bad side effects while also having been credited for eradicated or largely eradicated many infectious diseases. The issue even came up during a recent Republican presidential debate. Under all that scrutiny the real question would be: Are vaccines more helpful or harmful? To really understand the answer to this question, one has to look at certain facts. For example, what exactly are…

milk. Due to a mother and her baby commonly being exposed to the same germs, this helps protect her baby from the illnesses they are both faced with (Australian Breastfeeding Association , 2016). Hoklas touched on this in her interview, mentioning; “Immunity can only come from breastmilk; formula cannot provide this. As breastmilk is 'living' in a sense, it constantly changes to what the baby needs. Every bottle of formula is theoretically exactly the same.” (Hoklas, 2017). IgA is the most…

CD86 is a ligand protein on the surface of Antigen presenting cells which binds to CD28 and CTLA4 on T cells for its activation to suppress immunity. E. 3’IgH Enhancer Region or Regulatory region at 3’ end of Immunoglobulin heavy chain is involved in transcription of IgH gene. Mutations or changes in this region affecting IgH expression is studied due to toxins and diseases. F.M1 and M2 microglia…

Urinary Tract Infections, or UTIs, effect many people at least once during their lifetime; however, UTIs primarily effect women. To begin, a Urinary Tract Infection is an infection of the urethra, bladder, or kidneys and can be caused by several different types of bacteria, by far the most common being Escherichia coli, or in other terms E. coli (Djordjevic). More times than not, the E. coli bacteria is able to get to the urethra from the anus through poor hygiene (Wexler), spreading through…

Devastating Disasters European settlers, when arriving to North America, would not have survived if not for the Native Americans; however, the settlers did more harm than good to the Natives. The Europeans believed they were superior, even though they did not know how to survive in the New World; many of them died within the first winter. The Massasoit were the first to help the Europeans, seeing how pitiful they were. They thought of them as allies, and easy to manage; the Natives thought…

Today, there are thousands of children in the United States whose parents have chosen to not have vaccinated. These unprotected children are the result of their parents’ misguided fear of vaccinations and the side effects that can accompany them. Due to these parents’ worries and the threat their choices pose to others, there has been much debate on whether or not parents should immunize their children. What these parents fail to realize is that by deciding not to vaccinate their children, even…

surely a contributing factor in the impact that this disease had on the people of the Americas. With people coming from Europe to the South Americas for conquest and colonisation, bringing another highly contagious disease that the people had no immunity towards. This would have impacted the death rates, dropping them even more, as well as impacting society with the indigenous populations unable to resist colonisation and conquest. The diseases that the Spanish brought over that decimated entire…