Hypoxia

assessing/monitoring breathing, airway maintenance, breathing techniques, positioning, effective coughing, oxygen therapy, suctioning, exercise conditioning, and hydration (Ignatavicius, 2016). The priority nursing assessment is breathing. Paying attention to note the speed, depth, and effort that is being used is important (Ignatavicius, 2016). It will provide a reference to how the patient is responding to the treatment. This monitoring should be done every two hours so any worsening…

Abstract Angiogenesis is an essential process for organ growth and repair. Thus, an imbalance in this process can lead to several diseases including malignancy. Angiogenesis is a critical step in vascular remodeling, tissue damage and wound healing besides being required for invasive tumor growth and metastasis. Because angiogenesis sets an important point in the control of tumor progression, its inhibition is considered a valuable therapeutic approach for tumor treatment. Chronic liver disease…

Summary When reflexes are initiated by stimulation of a chemoreceptor it is known as chemoreflex activation, an action which is important to this research. Chemoreflex can be activated by hypoxia, a deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissue and hypercapnia, excessive carbon dioxide in the bloodstream. Chemoreflex is a powerful stimulus that can “excite” the sympathetic nervous system, this excitement can then evoke “elevations in the muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA)”. The…

Chest trauma disrupts the structural integrity of the chest wall, and as a consequence may develop flail chest or rib fracture. A flail chest results when three or more ribs are fractured at two or more sites or when the ribs become disarticulated from their cartilage attachments with the sternum. The flail moves outward on exhalation which create an increase in pleural pressure and inward on inhalation. This abnormal movement is called paradoxical chest movement. Bony fragments from a fractured…

Tibetans, Andeans and Ethiopians are three small tribes who live in high elevations and conditions that, for lowlanders, would be considered hazardous and unsafe; but for them, it is an everyday life struggle. Just like those who live in remote, extreme climates, like the Inuits, these tribes have changed their whole genetic make-up in order to survive these conditions peacefully. Communities living in high altitudes and climates could be prime examples of how to survive in the harshest…

What are oceanic dead zones? Dead zones are hypoxic areas in the worlds oceans and large lakes. Hypoxic areas are places that fail to meet the required percentage of oxygen needed for human life. Activities such as littering in the small lakes and ponds can cause dangerous pollution. When oil is released into the water, that can cause an overgrowth in algae which will dissolve to the bottom. They are caused by excessive nutrient pollution from human activities. These activities cause less oxygen…

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a condition affecting newborns, particularly ones born prematurely. RDS is characterized by trouble associated with fast and shallow breathing, increased heart rate, bluish color of the skin caused by hypoxia, brief stops in breathing and other symptoms. The progress of this breathing disorder may eventually lead to ventilator failure (Speer, 2011). Generally accepted view is that RDS is partially caused by inability of newborn`s lungs to produce a…

Pediatric Transfusion There are precautions one must always take when assisting in a transfusion case, but extra care and monitoring is done when a pediatric patient is involved. Special requirements and testing must be done from the moment these patients are first born. For example, only forward blood typing must be done for infants because they do not make antibodies until reaching four months of age. Similar to blood typing, different regulations are required when transfusing a pediatric…

increases due to increased pulmonary vascular resistance hypoxia occurs and eventually respiratory acidosis and is monitored through arterial blood gases (Kuhajda et al., 2014). Upon examination patient appears to be in respiratory distress - gasping for air and tracheal deviation as the lung space has decreased and pressures continue to rise, neck vein distention due to altered cardiac output, cyanosis and agitation set in as time goes on due to hypoxia and the increasing difficulty to breath…

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) occurs when an external force traumatically injures the brain and is also known as intracranial injury. Concussion symptoms were first described systematically in the 16th century by Berengario da Carpi and the first history of head injury dates back to the Mesopotamian era. TBI is classified based on the severity of the impact, the severity can vary from mild, moderate to severe TBI. Brain Injuries are major cause of death and disability worldwide specifically in…