Hypothalamus

that homosexuality was biologically determined. In 1991 they published a difference in hypothalamic structure between homosexual and heterosexual men. They now that there was a difference in cell groups in the interstitial nuclei of the anterior hypothalamus was twice as large and heterosexual men as in gay men come on the basis of an analysis of the brain tissue taken from the autopsies of 41 subjects in New York and California. The subjects consisted of 18 gay men with AIDS 1 bisexual men…

Morphine is a drug that is used for pain relief. It acts on the central nervous system to decrease pain. The drug can be given in many forms, such as through the mouth, insertion into muscle, under the skin, intravenously, into the spinal cord, and rectally. This drug can be used for both chronic and acute pain. A person who has recently undergone surgery or a pregnancy are examples for why someone may choose to consume morphine. Morphine can increase the pain tolerance for a person who is…

Back in the late 1960s, Walter Mischel, a Stanford University psychologist, conducted a psychological experiment known as the Marshmallow test. The experiment was conducted at the Stanford University nursery. He wanted to understand the concept of delayed gratification in a small child between the ages of 4 and 6. The idea was to create a situation for the child to choose between a small reward now and a large reward later, thus causing a conflict situation. They were deliberately placed in a…

Influenza Virus The flu is one of the most common diseases in the world. The cause of it is the influenza “flu” virus. The viruses’ structure plays a big part in how it spreads. It affects systems in the body and causes them to malfunction. When the systems malfunction, it causes flu-related symptoms. The flu is often confused with the common cold, but it’s much more deadly and, in some cases, can even be fatal. The influenza virus affects the respiratory, immune, and digestive systems. The…

He questioned what would happen if after conditioning, the bell (CS) occurred repeatedly without the food(US)? Would the dog still salivate(CR)? It seemed that the dog salivated less and less as time went on without the food(US). This reaction is known as Extinction. Gradually the dog stopped salivating to the sound of the bell and became extinct. Extinction weakens the CR while Acquisition strengthens it. However, when the bell was again paired with the food (US) he started to…

Patients with sleep apnea, a sleep disorder characterized by intermittent episodes of hypoxia (CIH), are at an increased risk for cardiovascular problems. CIH leads to a long lasting augmentation of respiratory and sympathetic motor output after the cessation of CIH, a phenomena termed long-term facilitation (LTF). LTF is a serotonin dependent mechanism. Additionally, serotonergic neurons in the raphe nuclei receive dense projections from orexin (OX) neurons; thus OX may contribute to the…

There are many glands in the human body. These glands produce hormones and are connected to blood vessels which they secrete these hormones. • Pituitary o It secretes hormones that instruct other glands to make hormones. It is also connected to the hypothalamus which is the bridge to the nervous system. •…

Previous studies have found that there is physiological damage due to ecstasy’s effect to deplete serotonin levels of the hypothalamus. This area of the brain is associated with the regulation of body temperature, blood pressure, metabolism, eating and drinking motivation, sleep, and sexual motivation. Due to MDMA’s effect on these functions, drug users can experience weight loss…

Scicurious, High Fructose Corn Syrup: Much Maligned? Or the Devil’s Food Cake?, August 23, 2011, Fructose is a yellowish white crystallized, water soluble ketonic monosaccharide sugar found in many plants, C6H12O6. It is sweeter than sucrose and often bonded to glucose to form the disaccharide sucrose. Triglyceride is a type of fat (lipid) found in the blood. When we eat, our body convert any calories that doesn’t need to use right away into triglycerides. Triglycerides are stored in the fat…

explanation could be that one’s sense of sex is in the brain. There have been recent studies done post mortem of an area of the hypothalamus in male-to-female, female-to-male, control group of female and male and men castrated due to cancer. This study showed a part of the brain believed to be in charge of sexual behavior. The finding were that this area of the hypothalamus was similar for female and male-to-female transgender, male and female-to-male transgender and men castrated due to cancer…