Hyponatremia

Case Study 5 – AB As discussed in case 3, septic shock results from widespread inflammation and vasodilation in response to an infection. Norepinephrine is useful in septic shock because it increases afterload to maintain adequate tissue perfusion (De Becker et al., 2012). Dobutamine is an inotropic drug used in septic shock as it stimulates myocardial beta-adrenergic receptors thus increasing cardiac output by increasing contractility and heart rate (Dellinger et al., 2013; Enrico et al.,…

Larry 's ketoacidosis was resolved over the next few days and a further week on a medical floor, saw Larry stabilized on his previous insulin regime. Answer the following questions pertaining to the case: 1. Based on the pathophysiology a. Give reasons for Larry 's reported admission symptoms of muscle weakness, decreased skin turgor, tachycardia and hypotension. b. Describe how this situation can be corrected. A. Mr. Secord may be experiencing the following symptoms due to dehydration and…

Thiazide Diuretics are very similar to loop diuretics in that they both get rid of sodium, chloride, potassium and water. Thiazide diuretics work at the proximal part of the distal convoluted tubule. Thiazides have the ability to increase uric acid plasma and glucose plasma levels. The only big difference between thiazide diuretics and loop diuretics is that the amount of diuresis make by thiazides are very low compared to the biggest amount of diuresis created with loop diuretics. Sulfonamide…

Acute Kidney Injury Case Study 1. AKI can be prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal. Prerenal is a decrease in blood flow to the kidneys and this leads to a decrease in glomerulus perfusion and filtration. During prerenal, Azotemia occurs and is the accumulation of nitrogenous waste in the blood. This results in a reduction in sodium excretion, increased sodium and water retention, and decreased urine output. Intrarenal has direct damage to the kidney. Nephrotoxins can cause structures to…

Definition A disorder in which the client experiences blindness, paralysis, and other neurologic symptoms that cannot be explained from a medical evaluation. According to Medline Plus: Risk Factors Illness Currently has a dissociative disorder Currently has a personality disorder Causes Unknown May result from a stressful experience According to Medline Plus: Signs and Symptoms Includes the feeling loss of a bodily function such as: Blindness Numbness Paralysis Inability to speak Treatment…

most to blame. Numerous studies have been carried out on this claim and conclusions suggest that there is no evidence that “consumption of sports drinks (electrolyte-containing hypotonic fluids) can prevent the development of exercise associated hyponatremia.” (Hew-Butler…

Policy considerations Fluid replacement Most patients with diabetes insipidus (DI) can drink enough fluids to replace the loss of urine. When oral intake is insufficient walhaybrnatrmia accessible and replace losses with dextrose and water or intravenous (IV) fluid that is the mattress does not cause asmoli with regard to the patient's serum. Not sterile water without dextrose intravenously, because it can cause hemolysis. To avoid high blood sugar, and excessive size, excessive rapid…

body weight for selected type of exersize, cardiorespiratory fitness, maximal oxygen consumption, and delayed onset muscle sorness. In Unit 28, I learned about erogogenic acids, ATP, ADP, electrolytes, high quality protien, hydration status, and hyponatremia. Discussion 13-…

This difference in concentration causes fluids within the cell to shift into the vascular space. Patients that have severe hyponatremia or cerebral edema benefit from an IV infusion of this solution. The infusion should be administered at a slow rate to prevent any edema formation and fluid volume overload. The solutions that contain high osmolality are 5% dextrose in half normal…

Introduction: Heart Failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome that affects the structural and functional capacity of the ventricle to load or expel blood. According to Ferri (2016, p. 576), the principal symptoms of HF are dyspnea and fatigue which can significantly reduce an individual's exercise tolerance. Due to the various signs and symptoms associated with HF, multiple pharmacotherapies including ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, calcium channel inotropic agents, and diuretics has been…