Hydroxyl radical

reduced to superoxide anion (O−2·) that is converted to other forms of reactive oxygen species. ROS reacts with lipid, protein and other cellular components to cause damage to cell membrane and mitochondria of the heart muscle fibers [1] These free radicals may then cause injury to the heart, an organ that has a relatively low level of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Others studies propose that the mechanism of DOX-induced heart apoptosis is dependent on the…

injection, diffusion, and plasma discharge) and takes approximately 1 to 3 hours. Hydrogen peroxide plasma sterilization inactivates microorganisms primarily by the combined use of hydrogen peroxide gas and the generation of free radicals (hydroxyl and hydroproxyl free radicals) during the plasma phase of the cycle. For the vaporized hydrogen peroxide, the VHP sterilizer is first filled with the objects to be sterilized. The cycle consists of three stages (conditioning including vacuum…

For instance, the highly reactive oxygen species (hiROS), including the hydroxyl radical or peroxynitrite were described to result in increased oxidative damage to the biological molecules in the body (9 in 2). However, recent scientific studies have evidently changed this opinion by proving that the physiological effects of ROS…

hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals (13, 14).Benzene and related hydrocarbons are metabolized through an intermediate epoxide, which is highly reactive and possibly binds to hepatic microsomal proteins and nucleic acids leading to cytotoxic effects (15). An increase in the levels of liver diagnostic parameters in this study might be due to toxic effect on the membrane of liver cell where petroleum hydrocarbons may have been converted into free radicals or activated metabolites…

are mainly carried out by electrolysis, transition metal ions, UV radiation and heat (20). Iron ion (Fe2+) is an effective catalyst is used for activating the persulfate ion reaction rate. Fe2+ stimulates the persulfate ions and produces sulfate radicals which have higher oxidation potential ( , ) than persulfate alone (17, 21). It has been demonstrated that at elevated pH, can exhibited stronger oxidative ability than and could efficiently degrade many organic pollutants (18). The…

Heat stress is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting agriculture production worldwide which causes an array of physiological, biochemical and morphological changes in plants. Maize crop is unique among cereals on account of wider flexibility and adaptability in growing conditions, ranging from Kharif, Rabi and Spring seasons. Further, the response of plants to high temperature stress is reflected in apparent morphological traits like leaf firing, tassel blasting etc. The composite…

respectively. The decreased degradation of the dye with increasing concentration may be due to (a) high dye concentration may act as an inner filter which shunts the photons away from the LDH surface, (b) may lead to the non-availability of oxidative free radicals associated with the degradation process and (c) most of the dye molecules get adsorbed on the LDH surface blocking the active surface sites in the LDH. The maximum photodegradation efficiency was obtained at the dye concentration of 1…

The lack of antioxidant cause oxidative stress and excess free radicals that peroxide cell membrane and destroy it; break and even mutate double-strand deoxyribonucleic acid; change the structure of proteins and make the function exception. H. sabdariffa extract has been determined as a useful antioxidant, and we detected…

duration of these compounds are much smaller compared to perfluorinated compounds which last as long as 3,200 years in the atmosphere.1 Another characteristic that set HFCs apart is its very low hydroxyl ion reactivity in the lower atmosphere, which makes it incapable of creating smog or air pollution.1 The low hydroxyl ion reactivity can be contributed to the great amount of fluorine atoms that HFCs possess. It also leads to other…

which involves the linking of the two monomers to create a glycosidic bond and a water molecule, is removed. An anomeric carbon is one that is bonded to two oxygen atoms in a ring like structure. The glycosidic bond is a covalent bond between the hydroxyl group (OH) and hydrogen…