Hydroxyl radical

fetus, the manifestation of FAS symptoms in children and adults, and possible treatment plans and prevention strategies. The Effect of Alcohol on the Developing Fetus 3Alcohols is a group of molecules made of carbon atoms that contain a functional hydroxyl group. The type…

of a combination of ozone and hydrogen peroxide, different radiation sources with the aid of catalysts, and photocatalytic ozonation processes.^4 These processes are currently of high interest because they lead to an increase of hydroxyl radical formation. Hydroxyl radicals are extremely reactive, and they synthesize the pharmaceutical’s mineralization.^3 It has been deduced that diclofenac is quickly degraded by direct photolysis under normal environmental conditions. Direct photolysis is a way…

Hallucinogens are a chemical substance that causes hallucinations. Hallucinations, derived from Latin, álucinari, means to ‘wander in the mind.’ Hallucinations includes all sensory perceptions whether real or not. Psychedelics, Greek derived, translates to ‘soul and mind manifesting’ and are a class of hallucinogens that are useful tools in gaining understanding of how the brain, mind and body works. The study is complex and requires a broad and deep knowledge of the various mechanisms and…

Among these compounds higher level of phytosteroids were observed in both the plants, further flavonoids were higher in CQE and phenolic compounds were higher in CBE. In fact, phytosterols, phenolics and flavonoids were reported to be powerful free radical scavengers (Chanda and Dave, 2009). These phyto-constituents exhibit medicinal and also the physiological activities of any plant material (Sofowra, 1993). Phyto-constituents alone determine the total antioxidant activities of a plant in the…

In electrolytic chlorination (i.e., electrolysis), an electrical current is directly applied to seawater generating free chlorine, sodium hypochlorite and hydroxyl radicals. During the electrolytic chlorination process, a certain salinity level in ballast water is required or additional salt will need to be added. The hydroxyl radicals generated in seawater quickly form disinfection byproducts – like hypobromous acid, a highly effective biocide or germicide. (ABS, 2014) Disinfection removes…

2.1 Ageratum conyzoides Ageratum is derived from Greek word, which is “a geras” meaning non-aging, referring to the longevity of the flowers or the whole plant. The word “conyzoides” is derived from word “konyz” meaning resembles (M.X et al., 2016). Ageratum conyzoides is belongs to the Asteraceae family. Plant species in this family are herbaceous plants which trees and shrubs are rare. This plant is very common in West Africa and Asia. It has softly hairy stems and leaves, erect and branched…

The making and absorption of carbon dioxide by the environment happen naturally on earth. However, the recent extremely high levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can be blamed on human activity (EPA 9). In the UK alone, they produced 655 million tons of carbon dioxide in 2005 (Gill, Smith, and Wilkinson 3). This fact is especially staggering when you realize that because it is gas, it takes a lot more of it to make a ton than something like wood or iron would. The countries of the world…

•Background and aim Soil salinity is one of the major environmental obstacles that limit the crop productivity. A pot experiment was conducted with an aim to explore the ameliorative effects of exogenously applied sodium nitroprusside (SNP) concentration against salinity stress in Brassica napus (L.) cv. Pactole. Methods Plants were grown under greenhouse conditions in plastic pots and were exposed to ***** mM NaCl. Further, ***** days old plants were sprayed with sodium nitroprusside (SNP,…

hugeattention towards scientific community due to its catalytic antioxidant property. Usually, antioxidants protect cells from oxidative damage, mediated by ‘reactive oxygen species’ (ROS), which include free radicals such as superoxide anion (O2•-), hydroxyl radical (•OH), singlet oxygen (1O2) and non-free radical species like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Cerium, in both salt and oxide forms, cycles between the cerous (Ce3+) and the ceric (Ce4+) oxidation states. CeO (III) is fast oxidized to CeO…

box were also covered with aluminum foil in order to increase the flux of absorbed radiation due to reflection. The evolution of the reaction was followed through the production of formaldehyde, which was formed upon reaction of methanol with hydroxyl radicals. An aqueous solution containing the diclofenac, sulfamethoxazole, and 〖TiO〗_2 were charged at the reactor. In the photocatalytic experiments, the black light was turned on to start the run. In the ozonation experiments, an ozone-oxygen…