Hydroxide

In this case methyl orange can be used as the indicator, pH arc being 3,1...4,4, or methyl red, pH arc being 4,4...6,2. If the pH value is bigger than the arc then the indicators will give a yellow colour to the solution, if smaller then a red colour. Total hardness is the sum of amount of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions and is determined via complex-titration. Here is the stoichiometric point found by using different complex ions with different colours. The solution is titrated with…

Chemical reactions can be categorized based on the release or absorption of energy. For instance, chemical reactions that release energy are known as exothermic reactions and have a positive change in enthalpy. Moreover, chemical reactions that absorb energy are endothermic, which have a negative change in enthalpy. Since the energy released is usually heat, keeping track of the heat flow in reactions will help determine the change in enthalpy of a reaction. Observing the measurement of heat…

Pure Copper Iodide were synthesised and the mass percentage of Copper in purified Copper (I) Iodide sample were determined by applying Beer’s Law in UV-Vis spectroscopy. Absorbance value of Cu-cuprizone solution was measured. Using the absorbance value of 0.3576 , the concentration of the Cu-cuprizone solution were obtained at 0.001389g/L with reference to the graph of the standard solution A to D. The graph of absorbance against concentration of the standard solution A to D shows a linear…

Performance of centrifugal pump CONTENTS Table of figures 2 Objective 3 Introduction 3 Theory 3 Observe result 4 Sample calculation 10 Discussion of the result 11 Conclusion 11 References 12 Table of figures Figure1. Experimental calculation for pump 1(30HZ) 4 Figure2. Operating characteristic curve (pump1 30Hz) 5 Figure3. Experimental calculation for pump 1(40HZ) 6 Figure4. Operating…

Analytical Method Validation of Sylimarin The λmax of Sylimarin in ethyl alcohol and PBS was found to be 286 nm and 322nm, respectively. The drug follows linearity in the concentration range 2–20 μg/ml with a correlation coefficient value of 0.998 and 0.999 for in ethyl alcohol and PBS, respectively. The accuracy of the method was checked by recovery. The % recovery was found to be in the range of 99.54– 100.98% in ethyl alcohol and 98.94– 101.4% in PBS, respectively. The precision of the…

Chapter 6 Experimental Work ACETATE BY HPLC Method of Analysis Mobile phase: 0.025 mol/L (0.05N) sulfuric Acid. Using a volumetric pipette, add 3 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid to approx. 1500 ml water in 2 liter volumetric flask. Dilute volume with water. Standard Preparations: Accurately weigh 0.240g each std1 and std2 of sodium acetate tri-hydrate W.S. into 100 ml volumetric flask. Then dilute 25 ml to 50 ml with water. Sample Preparation: Dilute with water such that the…

Mustard oil is a fatty vegetable oil which is obtained from mustard seeds. There are basically three varieties of mustard oil available. The difference between these three varieties lies in the method of extraction, chemical composition and properties. The fatty vegetable mustard oil is extracted by pressing mustard seeds. Mustard oil is obtained by cold compression of the mustard seeds and by infusing this extracted oil with other oils to get the final product. Essential mustard oil is obtained…

3.7. Equilibrium isotherms Langmuir isotherm proposed by Langmuir, (1918) with some limitations Dąbrowski, (2001) expressed as: (4) Where qm (mg g–1) is the maximum amount of the metal ion per unit weight of adsorbent, ‘qe’ is equilibrium adsorption capacity (mg g–1), ‘Ce’ is the equilibrium concentration of the adsorbate (mg L–1), and b is a constant which reveals the affinity of binding sites (L mg-1). From the plots between (Ce/qe ) and Ce the slope (1/qm ) and the intercept…

Lab 14/ Test 6: Determination of Acid Dissociation Constants through Titration Sabrina Tom I.Abstract The two unknown solutions A and E were titrated with NaOH solutions. For each solution, one fast and three slow titrations were done to see where the pH rose exponentially. The unknown solutions A and E were determined to be Pyridinium ion acid and oxalic acid, respectively. II.Theories One significant concept throughout this lab is titrations. A titration is a lab method analyzes a…

1. 6 cleaned and dried conical flasks were collected and safely transported to the experimental table. 2. A black marker was used to mark a black cross on a white sheet of paper. This was to help with measuring the time (dependent variable). 3. A thermometer was placed on the table to measure the room temperature. 4. 0.15mol/L sodium thiosulphate solution (Na2S2O3) and 3mol/L hydrochloric acid (HCL) were poured into two separate 50 ml beakers, and the two beakers were transported to the…