Hydrothermal vent

The two types of bacteria are archaebacteria and eubacteria. What characteristics distinguish these two groups from the other kingdoms? These two groups are different from other kingdoms because all cells in these kingdoms are single-celled organisms whose organelles are not membrane bounds. They are also microscopically small. What is the average size of a bacterium? An average bacterium is about 1-2 micrometres long. How many prokaryote species have been discovered? How many are estimated to…

Ocean mining sites are typically around large areas of polymetallic protuberances and hydrothermal vents at about 2000 meters below the ocean 's surface. Even though it is believed that ocean mining has the potential to meet demands for many minerals and would help strengthen the economies of unindustrialized countries, it does come at an environmental…

This paper will refer to the domain of Archaea. The archaea are single-celled prokaryotes that were classified in the bacteria domain naming them the Archaeabacteria. Until just recently the scientific community decided that these special creatures belonged in their very own domain. The archaea resembled the eukaryotes more than the bacteria even though they were still a prokaryotic organism. So these micro-organisms had to be moved into its own domain. These organisms are what many…

Effects of Different pH Solutions on Lactase. Caitlin Hathaway, 2016, Functional Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666. Enzymes work at different rates in different environments. We investigated the relationship between pH levels and the ability for the lactase enzyme to catalyze reactions. Lactase was added to different levels of pH with substrate and their subsequent rates of catalysis were measured. Out of the four samples, the experiment showed that the lactase was most…

how life got started from none animate matter, it was the first step in showing that life itself is a on going chemical process. Let’s be clear though nobody has yet demonstrated the exact mechanism for how life form on earth it could’ve been hydrothermal vents in the ocean, panspermia, the idea single celled life came from asteroids most likely from mars, or it could’ve been in tide pools made by giant tsunamis…

evaporation and condensation. This is a typical cycle that can be observed for the vital elements of life such as carbon and nitrogen. Microbes are essential to the cycling of nutrients in virtually all environments, including extreme ones such as hydrothermal vents and acid lakes. Specifically in the marine environment, they are a building block to carbon flow, organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycles.(ref).…

4.4 Interpretations The data collected from this study are not strongly affected by convective fluid flow in the wellbores or surrounding strata. Rather, the geothermal gradient profiles show a more conductive thermal regime in the vicinity of the wells. Unfortunately, the wells are too shallow to make more significant observations of the deep thermal regime, but the high geothermal gradients in the Paliza Canyon and E10 wells show some promise of quantifying temperatures of a geothermal…

GG310 OCEANOGRAPHY Evaluate the geological evidence for so-called ‘Snowball Earth’ glacial episodes in the Precambrian and the hypothesis that these episodes were critical in the evolution of complex life. Introduction The importance of this period is that multicellular evolution began to accelerate after the last glacial ended.refbookpage829.The term Snowball Earth refers to the hypothesis that in the distant past, specifically the Cryogenian period (850-630 million years ago), the earth’s…

The Stability of the RNA Bases: implications for the origin of life. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 95, 7933-7938 (1998). Mielke R.E., Russell, M.J., Wilson, P.R., McGlynn, S.E., Coleman, M., Kidd, R. and Kanis, I. Desing, Fabrication, and Test of a Hydrothermal Reactor for Origin-of-Life Experiments. Astrobiology 10, 799-810 (2010). Miller, S.L. A Production of Amino Acids under Possible Primitive Earth Conditions. Science 117, 528-529 (1953). Mulkidjanian, A.Y., Bychkov, A.Y., Dibrova, D.V.,…

The Laws of Thermodynamics dictate that the universe is constantly becoming more disordered. If this is truly the case, then how have life forms as ordered as the ones here on earth possibly come to exist? The universe’s relentless drift toward pure chaos poses quite a challenge to the order that is life, but by using concepts of thermodynamics and biophysics, life forms continue to subsist. Life itself is in a perpetual struggle with the Laws of Thermodynamics that both are the foundation for…