Hydrolysis

To terminate their activity, there has to be a conversion from the GTP- to the GDP-bound form through GTP hydrolysis. The hydrolysis of GTP to GDP is not only driven by the GTPase activity of the protein itself. GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) have an important role terminating the activity of the Rab protein. Once in the GDP-bound form, the Rab protein is ready to…

Aim 1: Determine the amino acid sensing specificity of folliculin. Since folliculin’s has novel molecular function in amino acid sensing I plan to further understand whether FLCN specifically senses a certain amino acid and if this level of detection is enough to elicit an mTORC1 response. 1.1. Determine if folliculin’s novel molecular function in amino acid sensing is triggered by glutamine. mTORC1 activation by amino acids requires FLCN, whereby its lysosomal residence during starvation…

The anaerobic digestion process can be split up into the following four phases, each requiring its own characteristic group of micro-organisms: 1) Hydrolysis: the conversion of non-soluble biopolymers to soluble organic compounds. 2) Acidogenesis: conversion of soluble organic compounds of volatile fatty acids. 3) Acetogensis: conversion of volatile fatty acids to acetate and hydrogen. 4) Methaneogenesis:…

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1. Method development and optimization The main criterion is to develop successful HPLC method for the determination of FVS and its degradation product. The developed method should be able to determine FVS and its degradation product in a single run. This method should be accurate, reproducible, robust, stability indicating, free of interference from degradation products and straight forward enough for routine use in quality control laboratory. Regulatory agencies…

Chemical reactions are vital to living cells. Many chemical reactions take long periods of time to transpire. Enzymes serve as catalysts to speed up biochemical reactions in other substances. Each enzyme interacts with only one specific substrate (molecule) in an organism or a family of related molecules. Enzymes are not changed or used up by the reactions they catalyze, but their effectiveness can be influenced by environmental factors such as the pH level of an environment. All enzymes have an…

Besides than in liquid form, it also may exists in vapor form in air. In order to produce a colourless and odourless chemical, propylene glycol (C3H8O2, PG) involve in the reaction of propylene oxide and water. This involve the process of the hydrolysis of propylene oxide (C3H6O, PO) with the presence of excess water and a small concentration of catalyst. The catalyst that plays the role in this reaction is the sulphuric acid. The reaction occurs in the reactor at the reasonable rate which…

on the actin fibers. For this, the head of the myosin binds to the troponin site of the actin filament. Then, an ATP molecule will bind to myosin to separate actin and myosin and thus allow its attachment to the neighboring troponin site due to hydrolysis of ATP in ADP + Pi. This creates a slippage of myosin fibers on the actin fibers and allows for muscle contraction. However, one molecule: tropomyosin binds to the troponin sites present on the actin filaments and thus prevents attachment of…

process is divided into three processes. The first step is dough mixing. The starch inside the flour can be broken by the alpha-amylase and will produce dissolved amylose which is the enzyme substrate to the next amylose degradation process. Starch hydrolysis process has a very important role to dough’s rheology characteristic because amount of water will be bonded by the hydrolyzed starch. In dough mixing process there will be an intensive mass transfer. Contact between enzyme and substrate…

Biochemical Unknown I. Introduction Cultural Characteristics or morphology and biochemical tests can be used to identify and classify microorganism. By culturing microorganism in nutrient broth, slants, and on nutrient agar plates, the cultural characteristics or morphology can be determined. In this lab, the test tube 2 was incubated in a nutrient broth. The pigmentation of the tube was yellow. The media for test tube 2 was turbid. There were a few sediment on the bottom of the broth. In…

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following is true? a. All enzymes are fibrous proteins. b. All enzymes are globular proteins. c. The majority of enzymes are fibrous proteins. d. The majority of enzymes are globular proteins. ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: 23.1 - WHAT ARE ENZYMES? 2. In addition to proteins, which type of molecules sometimes function as enzymes? a. carbohydrates c. lipids b. DNA d. RNA ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: 23.1 - WHAT ARE ENZYMES? 3. Which of the following is true of enzymes? a. They shift the…