Hydrogenation

The cyano-ethoxy carbonyl protection Manoharan et al. (1999) developed 2(cyanoethoxycarbonyloxy)succinimide S.27a a stable, crystalline, and convenient reagent for the protection of pendant akylamines in oligonucleotides (Figure X.X.X). The 2-cyanoethyl (ce) group is the most common phosphate protecting group in oligonucleotides; however, ce and corresponding 2-(cyanoethoxycarbonyl) group were not utilized for the nucleobase protection until 2000. Merk et al. (2000) developed…

burn belly fat. Avoid Trans-fats [0:02:01.1] [Paramjit] Another evil of the modern world are the trans-fats. [Suresh] How do you define trans fats? [Param] Trans-fats are basically hydrogenated fats. These have been altered by a process called hydrogenation. It is a chemical process. When you do that to fat, it gives it longer shelf life. Longer shelf life is one of the main reasons for using trans fats. It is a commercially driven initiative. With that in mind, any food with hydrogenated fat…

Introduction There are many bioactive compounds that can be found around us. Bioactive compounds mostly can be found in both plants and animals. It is a compound that has an effect on a living organism, tissue or cell. It also can have an influence in our health. A few examples of bioactive compounds included flavonoids, caffeine, carotenoids, carnitine, choline, coenzyme Q, creatine, dithiolthiones, phytosterols, phytoestrogenss, glucosinolates, polyphenols, prebiotics, and taurine. Carotenoids…

Methamphetamine and its Effects on the Body and Brain Methamphetamine (n-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-2-amine) has a molecular weight of 149.237 g/mol and is an addictive man-made stimulant affecting the central nervous system (Methamphetamines: An Overview, n.d.). There are two different types of methamphetamine: l-meth (Levo-methamphetamine), and d-meth (Dextro-methamphetamine), which is the more common form. It is 2 to 10 times as physiologically active as l-meth (Crystal Meth Facts, n.d.).…

INTRODUCTION Around the world, millions of children are experiencing loss and abuse, and its effects. Experiencing loss and abuse as a child are types of childhood trauma. Childhood trauma, according to the National Institute of Mental health is, “The experiences of an event by a child that is emotionally painful or distressful, which often results in lasting mental and physical effects”[1]. Abuse and loss can lead to childhood trauma depending on how influential they are as well as how well…

levels of blood cholesterol and can clots arteries. It is found in animal products such as beef, pork, chicken, milk, ice crème, and cheese. Trans fats are also artery clogging fats, and are just as bad as saturated fats. They are created through hydrogenation, a process that turns liquid fat into solids like margarine or shortening. Unsaturated fats are the healthy fats. Unsaturated fats can be found in avocados, canola oil, flaxseed oil, fatty fish such as salmon or mackerel, nuts, and seeds.…

Water is a significant resource for the country of New Zealand with the country’s population growing, agricultural sector expanding and our climate changing from too dry to too wet and vice versa constantly. For some regions of New Zealand, the water and wastewater sector produce a considerable amount of the local greenhouse gas emissions. Grey water is relatively clean water from showers, baths, and sinks. This water can be cleaned and reused however many homes do not have a greywater system,…

As I begin this paper I am watching my spouse and son share a moment of bonding over food and sports conversation. Sitting next to me is my own portion of this hectic weeknight indulgence, McDonald’s french fries, which makes the work I am about to discuss that much more poignant because it is woven into the fabric of my own life. In his 2001 essay “The Trouble with Fries” Malcolm Gladwell makes a simple statement, “Fast food is killing us. Can it be fixed?” These words are meant to provoke a…

The learning assistants for Professor Bahde’s Organic Chemistry I class, Allyson Dang and I, wanted to give the students a problem to work on involving a reaction mechanism. The students in that class have been struggling in many areas of the subject, but the main issue they have is drawing out reaction mechanisms. Knowing how to draw out reaction mechanisms is one of the most, if not the most important part of organic chemistry. When theoretically reacting molecules, one must know not only…

Introduction: According to Drugs.com, “Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It works by reducing hormones that cause inflammation and pain in the body.” This includes conditions such as headaches, painful menstrual periods, toothaches, back pain, dental pain, migraines, arthritis and any minor injuries. Ibuprofen is also used to treat and reduce fever as well and is typically administered to individuals, both adults and children ages 6 months and older. Ibuprofen has been…