Hydrogen peroxide

 Comment: The three bonds (one solid line, one wedged line and one dashed line) that are attached to the + carbon atom are turned inside out. If the starting material has Br on the right side of the + carbon atom, the final product will have OH on the left side of the + carbon atom and vice versa.  Comment: There is only one hump for the energy profile of an SN2 reaction. As we shall see later, there are two humps for the energy profile of an SN1 reaction. One easy way to…

In this case methyl orange can be used as the indicator, pH arc being 3,1...4,4, or methyl red, pH arc being 4,4...6,2. If the pH value is bigger than the arc then the indicators will give a yellow colour to the solution, if smaller then a red colour. Total hardness is the sum of amount of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions and is determined via complex-titration. Here is the stoichiometric point found by using different complex ions with different colours. The solution is titrated with…

amount of one reagent along with a varying the amount of the second reagent used in a chemical reaction. Through these results, the concept of limiting reactants can be determined. Using a graph to demonstrate the relation between the volumes of hydrogen gas produced versus the moles of the reagents will help figure out the stoichiometric balance required. The success of the experiment will be determined by the comparing the experimental values with the fixed values. Introduction…

This experiment was conducted to practice a variety of techniques in organic chemistry: separation, mechanisms, acid-base reactions, evaporation, recrystallization, and identification. The goal of this experiment was to identify the unknown mixture of two compounds. The two compounds were separated first by altering the acid components solubility through deprotonation, and then protonating the acid component again to form the separated precipitate. The ether in the neutral layer was evaporated,…

To counter the adverse effects of emergency room overcrowding, the author of this paper proposes the implementation of a fast-track program. FTAs are designed to handle urgent conditions that can be treated quickly. Patients that are classified as non-urgent (ESI levels 4 or 5) are seen in a designated area within the emergency department. One could describe the FTA as an express lane to treat those with less serious illnesses or injuries. A study performed in Turkey showed that FTAs lessen…

As the dependence on lithium batteries increased with an elevated demand for clean energy, it became increasingly important to consider the effect of these batteries on the environment. Nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) made up many of these batteries and could dissociate in aquatic environments. Prior experiments, such as Hang et. Al. 2016, reported detrimental effects of dissociated NMC on aquatic microorganisms.1 In the first part of this project, the objective was to explore and develop an…

Overall the experiment provided significant data, despite problems with reagent contamination. Iron (III)-thiocyanate complexes in equilibrium, meaning that external and internal forces on the equilibrium can shift toward the reactants or the complex. External forces are changes to the chemical or physical environment that effect the equilibrium. Internal forces are changes to the bonds or chemical nature of the complex itself. These effects are used to study the optimal chromogenic reagent,…

being rearranged. Law of definite proportions states that a specific compound always contains the same elements, and proportions of those elements. For Example, water, H2O, always has 2 hydrogen atoms attached to an oxygen atom, regardless of the quantity the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen will always be one part hydrogen to eight parts oxygen. Stoichiometry is very important for carbon dioxide scrubbers, because chemists must determine the mass value of lithium hydroxide to bring with them into…

Table 3 shows the BET surface area of both the fresh and hydrothermally aged SCR catalysts. For fresh BEA zeolite and SCR catalysts, as the doping amount of catalytic additive increases, the BET surface area decreases, probably because the additive Cu, Ce, and Nb species blocked some of the zeolite channel, hindering the entry of N2 into the pores (Bin et al. 2014). After aging at 600 °C, all the samples showed 3-20 m2/g increased BET surface area. Aging condition of 600 °C is a relatively mild…

aqcuainted with -- elemental hydrogen (H2) and elemental nitrogen (N2). The resulting product in this reaction is the covalent compound, ammonia (NH3). Elemental hydrogen and elemental nitrogen is something one should be familiar. Of course, elemental hydrogen is in the water humans drink everyday. However, hydrogen is quite rare elsewhere on Earth because it is nearly fourteen times lighter than the air in the atmosphere, so it rapidly escapes the Earth 's gravity if unbound. Hydrogen is the…