Hydrogen ion

Contents: Introduction-Page 2 Review of Literature- Page 3 Presenting of findings- Page 4 Processing of findings- Page 5 Conclusion- Page 8 Reference list- Page 8 Appendix-Page 9 The research that I have conducted on acid mine drainage (to be referred to as AMD throughout the contents) has been to investigate the effects of AMD on the environment with a more definite focus on the effects that AMD has on plant life. The aim of this research is to determine the impact that AMD has on the…

In this experiment, pinacol was mixed with sulfuric acid, which protonated the pinacol, allowing it to form a better leaving group. Water is the leaving group off of the pinacol and the pinacol becomes a carbocation. The carbocation that is formed is a secondary carbocation so, rearrangement occurs. A methyl shift happens to form a tertiary carbocation, which is more stable than a secondary carbocation. Then, the remaining oxygen forms a double bond causing it to have a positive charge; allowing…

4.3.3. Binary mixture toxicity of As, Cd and Pb All the three metal mixtures (As + Cd, Cd + Pb and As + Pb) displayed synergistic response at the 10% level and strong synergism was observed for the mixture of As + Pb with CI value of 0.25. The observed synergism was extended up to 30 and 50% level for Cd+ Pb and As + Pb mixtures, respectively. The binary mixture of As + Cd showed an additive response at the 30-50% level. All the mixtures showed an antagonistic effect at the IC90 level and the…

Those sorts of claims. Also, they go on further to say that you better be careful because the unabsorbed calcium is a cause of kidney stones. So you better get our super absorbed calcium otherwise you might risk getting kidney stones, and then other marketers confuse intestinal absorption with what happens in your stomach. Dissolution happens in your stomach, it dissolves the calcium and all calciums dissolve very, very well in stomach acid, ninety-five to one-hundred percent absorption is…

only a slightly less exotic fate. As they run out of hydrogen to fuse in their cores, they swell into red giant stars before shedding their outer layers. The size of a star tells how long a star will live.…

Wallace Carothers was born on April 27, 1896. He started a post-secondary education majoring in chemistry. After graduating, Carothers continued his studies as an organic chemists. He went on to earn a Master's degree and a Ph.D. Carothers was interested in electronic theory of valence, explaining how atoms bonded together. In 1924, Carothers wrote a paper on electronic natures of the carbon-carbon double bond for the Journal of the American Chemical Society. It sparked his interest in…

industrial synthesis of methanol (CH3OH), carbon monoxide (CO) reacts with hydrogen gas. For methanol, ΔH= -100.4 kJ/mol. Write the balanced chemical equation for this reaction. Is it better to maintain this system at a low or high temperature, to obtain a good output? Is it preferable to maintain this system at high or low pressure? Explain. During the industrial synthesis of methanol (CH3OH), carbon monoxide (CO) reacts with hydrogen gas. For methanol, ΔH= -100.4 kJ/mol. Write the balanced…

Within this center atomic particles called Protons begin to collide with such force that nuclear fusion will occur. Hydrogen atoms, which are relatively light in weight, will form heavier Helium atoms and release energy. With billions of these small reactions occurring energy streams outwards from the center and is emitted as light and heat. Stars are born in clusters…

In this experiment p-cresol was converted to n-propyl p-tolyl ether by using a modified form of the Williamson Ether method. The modified form used is called Phase Transfer Catalysis. The p-cresol was deprotonated by NaOH. The addition of tetrabutylammonium bromide provides the necessary help that the nucleophile needed to get into the organic phase in order to react with the electrophile. The reaction would have proceeded without this addition although it would have been a very slow reaction.…

Helium is a colorless tasteless, non-combustible, non-explosive gas that is seven times lighter than air. Helium does not have anti-inflammatory or bronchodialating properties. Combining helium and oxygen gas (Heliox) results in a gas with a similar viscosity to air but with a substantially lower density. Heliox acts by lowering the resistance to gas flow within the airways and permitting an increase in ventilation. Heliox converts turbulent flow into more efficient laminar flow. It is used…