Hydrogen ion

the rare earth metal ions (Y, Gd, Dy, Sm, Eu, Ho, Er, Tm, Tb and Lu). The first trail for synthesis of garnet Yttrium ferrite (Y3Fe5O12) was done by Bertaut and Forret in 1956 [39], this trial was followed by another one in 1957 when Geller and Gilleo prepared and investigated Gd3Fe5O12 [40]. The garnet ferrites have complex crystal structure with cubic shape. The cubic unit cell of garnet ferrites R3Fe5O12 contains 8 formula units or 160 atoms with O2 as widespread ions (96 ions). The trivalent…

olivine surface had been reduced to metallic iron during the reduction pre-treatment with hydrogen, this result proves that metallic iron was responsible for the olivine catalytic activity. We observed a similar catalytic activity between the reduced olivine and the nickel-based catalysts tested previously [40], i.e. negligible production of hydrocarbons CH4, C2H4 and C2H6 and maximum production of hydrogen. Whereas their production is tiny even at very short reaction times, results in Figure 5…

Background Stoichiometry is a branch of chemistry that measures the quantity of chemicals in a reaction. This branch relies heavily on moles and balancing. A mole is a unit of measure for giant quantities. It is a number of atoms or molecules that is so large that it is only logical and convenient to use it for atoms and molecules. One mole is 6.02 x 1023 atoms or molecules. We call this Avogadro's Number. Furthermore, balancing chemical equations is the process of changing determining the…

Pentane is made up of five carbon molecules with each carbon atom bonded to a hydrogen atom. When the atom forms a structure, thirty-two double bonds are to be accounted for. The molecular geometry of Pentane shows that each central bonded atom forms a tetrahedral shape. Looking at the Diethylamine molecular structure, the central…

Known for the method used in industry to synthesize ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gases, Fritz Haber was, and still is, a well-known German chemist whose invention is used today for the production of fertilizers, cleaning products, and explosives. He was born on December 9, 1868, in Breslau, Prussia. Three weeks after being born, his mother passed away due to the toll her pregnancy took on her, thus leaving him to be raised in a Jewish household by his father, Siegfried, and several of his…

The purpose of experiment 02 is to separate two solid compounds, benzanilide and thiourea, from a crude mixture, then verify the purification. The experiment is to be broken down into several stages: (a) In order to perform small-scale recrystallization, a suitable solvent must be selected. (b) The actual small-scale recrystallization is performed on the benzanilide-thiourea crude mixture. (c) Filtration of purified crystals. (d)Product recovery is calculated and measured. (e) In order to…

The Law of Conservation of Mass is a system where an isolated system cannot be created or destroyed by a chemical reaction or physical transforms. (from the website: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/introchem/chapter/the-law-of-conservation-of-mass/).The Law states that mass of products in the reaction must be equal to the reactans or the things that causes the reactants.Again from the same website.The History behind it is that the Greeks were the first to come up with the idea,but it wasn’t…

Lab 9: Preparation of an Iron Oxalate Complex. POST-LAB: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1. Write a brief summary of your experiment. The experiment was conducted by creating a K3Fe(C2O4)33H2O solution using DI water, 3.501 g of iron (II) ammonium sulfate, H2C2O, K2C2O4, and H2O2. 5 ml of ethanol was dispensed within the solution to aid in the crystallization of the oxalate. The results of the experiment did not provided crystals of the oxalate rather crystals of impurities formed within the solution…

The results collected illustrate that cyclohexene is the unknown. Comparing the measured boiling point of cyclohexene to the literature value of cyclohexane, there is only a difference of 0.3°C. Comparing the measured density of cyclohexene to the literature value of cyclohexane, there is only a difference of 0.027 g/mL difference and comparing measured refractive index of cyclohexene to the literature value of cyclohexane, there is only a .009 difference. All of these results shows that both…

In problem one, we were simulating an ammonia production by reacting nitrogen and hydrogen in a reaction called Haber process. Haber process is a very economic exothermic reaction to produce ammonia by reacting nitrogen and hydrogen using a metal catalyst in high pressure and temperature. Nitrogen was obtained from the air and therefore, some argon would be included in this simulation. On the other hand, hydrogen was obtained from the cracking of petroleum. The simulation process started where…