Hydrogen ion

Literature review Polymerisation of Cyclo pentene, Cyclo hexanes, Substituted Cyclo pentene and Cyclo hexanes using different catalyst Introduction:- Polymer is a word which is derived from Greek words “poly” which means many and “mer” which means parts. Polymers are substances which have large number of repeating structural units repeated in the same type of linkage. The chemistry that deals about polymers is called polymer chemistry and the reaction is called as polymerization. Polymer…

Kinetic investigation and the Arrhenius plot The degradation of SAC in acidic, basic and oxidative mediums at different HCl (0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 M, keeping temperature 90 ºC), NaOH (0.005, 0.01 and 0.05 M, keeping temperature 40 ºC) and H2O2 (5%, 10% and 15%, keeping temperature 90 ºC) strengths was studied. Also SAC degradation was studied as a function of temperature in acidic (30, 60, 70, 90ºC and room temperature, keeping HCl strength 0.1M), basic (40, 65, 90ºC and room temperature, keeping…

Step 1 - Synthesis A mixture of compressed CO2 and ammonia under 240 bar (g) pressure is reacted to form ammonium carbamate. This is an exothermic reaction, and heat is absorbed by a boiler to produce steam. The first reactor achieves 78% conversion of the carbon dioxide to urea and the liquid is then furthurly purified. Then, the second reactor receives the gas from the first reactor and recycles the solution. Conversion of carbon dioxide to urea is approximately 60% at a pressure of 50 bar…

4.4. Physical model of the susceptibility of hot cracking for copper GTA welding Variations of the hot cracking susceptibility during copper GTA welding could be divided into the following five stages combining the internal factor with the external factors, as shown in Fig. 14: Fig. 14. Schematic of the physical model for the susceptibility of hot cracking during copper GTA welding. (I). Free crystalline region The actual line of S-L is lower compared with its corresponding theoretical line…

Carbohydrates have the following basic composition. They are molecular compounds made from three elements: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Monosaccharides are simple sugars with multiple OH groups. Based on number of carbons 3, 4, 5, 6, a monosaccharide is a triose, tetrose, pentose or hexose respectively. Disaccharides are condensation products of two monosaccharide units; examples are maltose and sucrose. A disaccharide is 2 monosaccharides covalently linked molecule. Polysaccharides are polymers…

A. Heating Magnesium: This station consisted of magnesium, a slim, flexible, silver metal and a Bunsen burner. We used crucible tongs to hold the magnesium over the Bunsen burner until it began to ignite. When it first ignited, sparks were seen and the flame emitted a bright, white light. The flame spread across the magnesium and eventually turned it into a white, ashy substance. The combination of fire and magnesium caused a chemical change. This is evident as there were many signs of a…

The TG and DTA curves obtained for the compounds (C1-C5) are shown in Figure 9. Table 4 lists the results of the thermal studies of these compounds with the initial and final temperatures (ºC), assignments of each decomposition stage based on mass calculation and DTA peaks. These assignments (Δm - Calcd.) are based on the structural fragments from the theoretical formulae of the compounds (C1–C5). This implies that the groups proposed in the right column of Table 4 are not necessarily the…

Lab report Questions What will happen when zinc is placed in copper (II) sulfate? What will happen when copper is placed in copper (II) sulfate? Prediction It is predicted that when you place zinc and copper (II) sulfate a reaction will occur, resulting in a precipitation. The prediction about the copper (II) sulfate and copper is that nothing will happen. Hypothesis It is hypothesised that when zinc is placed in aqueous copper (II) sulfate, a single displacement reaction will occur as the…

Lipids: Lipids have a hydrophobic nature because of the predominantly of hydrocarbon chains in their structure. They are insoluble or poorly soluble in water, but readily soluble in non polar solvents such as ether and benzene. Characteristics of Lipids:  Amphiphatic  Naturally occurring  Soluble in organic solvents but insoluble in water  Undergo saponification  Undergo emulsification Classification and biological functions of Lipids: • Fatty Acids:  Energy sources  Biosynthetic…

the coordination. 6) The weak band in region 478-420 cm-1 could be assigned to (M-N). 7) The NO3- ion is coordinated to the metal ion as unidentate for the Ni (II), Cu (II), Fe (III) and Cr (III) complexes with C2v symmetry. The unidentate nitrate group possess three non-degenerated modes of vibrations (s, s' and as) which appeared at 1454, 1309, 1104 cm-1 for Fe (III). The free NO3- ions have also three modes of vibrations (s, s' and as) which appeared at (1760 and 1700) and 1707…