of norbornene, water and sulfuric acid were added to the C=C double bond to form norborneol. Sulfuric acid acted as a catalyst, where it was not consumed in the reaction and helped to propel the reaction forward, as it was vital in forming hydronium ion and breaking the double bond. Both the products endo-norborneol and exo-norborneol were synthesized; however regioselectivity and stereoselectivity played a role as to which product was more preferred and whether the equatorial or axial…
Oxidation (OxHrxn) is where the reactant loses electrons causing an increase in oxidation number. Using the Redox equation we assigned ON to, let’s find out the Half-reactions: Mg0 + H+1Cl-1 Mg+2Cl2-1 + H20 First, scout out for the Spectator ion so that we can already cross it out of our equation. Seeing the Cl did not change at all, we can automatically say that it will not undergo either process. All we have now is Mg and H. To distinguish the two half-reactions, let’s use the…
The third shell usually holds eight electrons as well, but can hold up to eighteen in specific circumstances. The number of electrons in the outermost shell of an atom is the same as its group number. In other words, hydrogen has one electron in its outer shell and is in Group I, carbon has four electrons in its outer shell and is in Group IV, and so on. Elements with the same number of electrons in their outer shell have similar chemical properties. Isotopes Neutral…
the same number of chemical units as there are atoms in exactly 12 grams of pure cacbon. A mole represents the quantity of material, which contains one Avogadro’s number ( ) of chemical units of any substance. For example: one mol of sodium ions ( ) = ions 7. Molar mass: Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance . For example: How many grams are there in 5 mol of benzene ( ) Molar mass of benzene ( ) = 78.0…
Comparison of Organometallic Compounds of Transition Metals and Main Group Elements Organometallic Compounds: The compounds which contain at least one direct metal to carbon covalent bond are known as organometallic compounds many of these are thermodynamically unstable and are pyrophoric. The meta may belongs to main group, transition metal, f group metal or a metalloid i.e. selenium, boron, arsenic, silicon, antimony, germanium, and tellurium and the carbon moiety may be alkyl, alkene, alkyne,…
Example 1: Given Equation: MnO4- + S2- Mn2+ + S0 Balance the equation by using the ion-electron method. Step 1 Oxidation: S2- S0 Reduction: MnO4- Mn2+ Divide into two half reactions. Identify the element that is being oxidized and the other being reduced. (Use the entire ion or molecule.) Step 2 Oxidation: S2- S0 Reduction: MnO4- Mn2+ Balance all the elements (other than oxygen and hydrogen). Step 3 Oxidation: S2- S0 Reduction: 8H+ + MnO4- Mn2+ + 4H2O Balance O and H.…
wondering what inorganic and organic compound are. An inorganic compound is any compound that is not organic while an organic compound is any member of large gaseous, liquid, or solid chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon. A polyatomic ion compound are made up of two or more atoms bonded together and a metal. A binary compound is a chemical compound that contains exactly two different elements. These two differ because polyatomic are made up of two or more atoms while binary…
1. Distinguish between a chemical change and a physical change. Illustrate each using several examples. A physical change does not change the substance of the matter the identity does not change. A chemical change produces a new substance and absorbs or liberated heat. Chemical changes produce an indication of chemical change substances combine chemically producing new substances that cannot separated by physical means. Examples of physical changes: Dissolving salt in water is a physical…
metal ions catalysis mechanism of E. coli alkaline phosphatase (9). Zn(II) ions and essential amino acids are shown while Mg(II) ion is not displayed. Both Zn(II) ions seem to serve two primary functions. Zn1 facilitates the leaving of an alcohol group in the first step of the reaction while Zn2 activates Ser102 residue to induce a nucleophilic attack. Despite this difference, both ions stabilize the negative charges of phosphate in the active site. As proposed by Kim and Wyckoff, Zn(II) ions…
for the symbol of the element Hydrogen. Together the meaning is the power of hydrogen. pH used to compare the relative acidity or alkalinity of a solution at a given temperature. A pH of (7.00) describes a neutral solution because the activities of hydrogen and hydroxide ions are equal. When the pH is below (7.00), the solution is described as acidic because the activity of hydrogen ion is greater than that of hydroxide ion. A solution is more acidic as the hydrogen ion activity increases and…