Hydrogen ion

Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to prove and discern the empirical formula of copper oxide using the Law of Conservation of Mass. This states that in measuring the mass of each component of copper oxide and determining the percent composition of each the copper and the oxygen within copper oxide it is possible to find the ratio of the elements within the compound. Procedure: In order to conduct this lab, 25.1mL of distilled water then 25.5mL of 3M HCl must be added 2.11g of copper oxide.…

Fritz Haber was a German chemist who won the Nobel Prize in 1918 for "improving the standards of agriculture and the well-being of mankind". Yet the same process that landed him the highest honor for saving many lives ended up taking just as many away. He threw himself into the World War I by making bombs out of the love of his country. In the Radiolab Podcast about Haber and "What's Eating America" by Michael Pollard talks about how hard it is to place Haber under the category of good or evil.…

The sparking, luminescent and clear thing we call water is essential to almost every organism on planet Earth. Water so much more complicated and interesting than most people think. Water is made out of two hydrogen atom and one oxygen atom. Two major characteristics of water is cohesion and adhesion. Cohesion is the attraction of the water molecules to itself. Adhesion on the other hand is the attraction of water molecules to the substance that also have dipolar characteristics. The cohesion of…

Heat of Combustion of Magnesium Hypothesis: Hess’s law states that “the enthalpy change for the conversion of reactants to products is the same whether the conversion occurs in one step or several steps” (DiGiuseppe et al,2012,p.314 ). A series of two experiments will perform in this lab in order to find ΔH1 and ΔH2 . In addition, ΔH3 will be obtained by reference. It is predicted that the combustion of magnesium will have a negative enthalpy, since combustion is an exothermic reaction. Also…

Conclusion The empirical formula of the copper chloride hydrate compound is CuCl2 · 2H2O. Discussion of Theory The technique of gravimetric analysis can be used to find the empirical formula of a compound when the amount of it is known. By dehydrating the copper chloride hydrate sample and using it for an elemental copper-producing chemical reaction, one can isolate the masses of the water, copper, and chloride and determine their mole ratios. Since the Law of Definite Proportions states that a…

forms of Isonicotinamide (I, II and IV) were crystalized using solvents such as nitrobenzene, acetone, nitromethane, methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, dioxane and chloroform. It was found that the hydrogen bonding behaviour of Isonicotinamide is of interest since different polymorphs exhibited different hydrogen bonding and molecular…

For each heavier element it will take more pressure and energy to produce the product of the reaction. Hydrogen fusion makes helium. Helium fusion will produce carbon. Carbon fusion reactions doesn 't occur for lower mass stars, such as the sun, because there isn’t enough pressure and energy. Once all of the elements become carbon, the production of heat and…

Fluorine isn't simply an “F” on the periodic table. It is much more. In fact, fluorine is the most important element of any element on the periodic table. It indeed does not belong to the great collection of Noble Gases in Group 8A of the periodic table, but its position in Group 7A alongside the elegant Noble Gases solidifies it as one of the leading significant elements at our disposal. For that reason, in the the showmanship of element practicality, fluorine is an outstanding competitor! It…

I performed the vinegar and baking soda experiment. The first thing that happened when I poured vinegar on top of the baking soda was an overflow of fizz and bubbles. These bubbles were the carbon dioxide escaping from the solution. White foam overflowed over the rim of the container. I felt the cup dropping temperature slightly as the reaction took place. The temperature dropped about 6 degrees Celsius. The remaining solution was a filmy and diluted. The result was sodium acetate dissolved in…

symmetry as well, because of the formation of hydrogen bonds between the hydrogen molecules. Phase III now has the highest degree of symmetry, formed from the said hydrogen bonds and their geometrical arrangement. When the temperature is raised 400K, Phase II starts to occur. The hydrogen bonds mentioned above in their geometrical arrangement are now changed to form in a [310] direction, and the molecule now exhibits vertical…