Hydrogen cyanide

Basicity of Pyridine vs Pyrrole The lower the pKb value of a compound, the stronger a base it is. Since pyridine has a lower pKb value, it is a stronger base than pyrrole. In this example, we cannot use either the steric factor or inductive factor to explain their basicity. Instead, we have to look at the hybridization state of the respective nitrogen atoms. The nitrogen atoms in pyrrole and pyridine are sp2 hybridized because they satisfy the following two conditions: 1) the atom has at least…

components carbon (C) and hydrogen (H). They all contain a carbon spine, called a carbon skeleton,…

The electrochemical properties of the squaraine dyes (SQ1 & SQ2) were investigated. The effects of the chemical structures of two SQ1&SQ2 dyes were selected in relation to the variable property of -COOH substituent for SQ1 compare to SQ2 which without substituent and determine their potential energy levels in ground and excited states HOMO and LUMO. The HOMO energy levels of the SQ1 & SQ2 dyes are -5.19 eV and -5.16 eV. The LUMO energy levels are calculated to be -3.08 eV and -3.1eV respectively…

Gasoline is a product that is made of of carbon atoms joined together into carbon chains. The different lengths of the chains create different fuels. These chains have different characteristics that make them behave differently in several circumstances. The characteristics like the boiling point or the ignition temperature. A motor’s cylinder heats up when the fuel is compressed into it. If the fuel reaches its ignition temperature during compression, it will then auto-ignite at the wrong time.…

Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, limiting equivalent conductance (Λ0), ion association, activation energy and thermodynamic functions. Introduction: The measurement of electrical conductivities of dilute solutions of salts or complexes is considered to be one of the important methods for studying the ion-pair or multiple- ion association not only in aqueous solutions but also in non-aqueous or mixed ones 1-4. Also, conductivity measurements were used to evaluate the hydration free energy of some…

1.0. Synopsis The objective of this experiment is to use the gravimetric method to determine the concentration of sulfate. Gravimetric analysis is a method used to determine the mass or concentration of a substance by measuring a change in mass. To determine the concentration of the sulfate, the precipitation of Barium sulfate is done first by adding the sulfate solution with hydrochloric acid, then heating while stirring it. Next is the washing and filtration of the Barium Sulfate precipitate,…

2.2. Methods 2.2.1. Preparation of econazole nitrate nanoparticles The econazole nanoparticles were prepared by nano-spray drying technique. Weighed amounts of econazole nitrate, carriers and stabilizers (table 1) were dissolved in ethanol (10 ml) followed by spraying through the Buchi® nano-spray dryer B-90 (Büchi Labortechnik, Switzerland). The nano-spray dryer was operated using inert loop B-295 system (Büchi Labortechnik AG, Flawil, Switzerland) operated using nitrogen gas with flow rate of…

that is produced from sodium hypochlorite oxidizing 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol and this experiment is to also determine if sodium hypochlorite is a selective oxidizing agent. This reaction is an oxidation reaction. The reaction involves the removal hydrogens and sometimes the addition of oxygen. 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol will undergo an oxidation reaction to produce an unknown product (Scheme 1). (1) Scheme 1. 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol undergoes a reaction with sodium hypochlorite and glacial acetic…

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: It has two isomeric forms 1, 2, 3-triazole and 1,2,4-triazol with common molecular formula C2H3N3,and both have 69.06 molecular weight. [2]] 1, 2, 4-triazole derivatives simply exist in solid forms. 3, 4, 5-substituted 1, 2, 4-triazole derivatives melts on thermolysis when heated at high temperature3160C for half an hour. 1, 2, 4-Triazole derivatives are easily soluble in polar solvents and slightly soluble in non-polar solvents. However the solubility in non-polar solvents…

Chalcone and Pyrylium Syntheses and Analyses Done by: Natalie Almond & Sophie Troyer in approved collaboration Introduction Photoredox catalysis uses light to excite the catalytic compounds, producing an effective oxidizing agent.1 The oxidizing agent can remove an electron from the desired compound for reaction, making it easier to synthesize molecules.1 One example of the utility of photoredox catalysis is the “production of lignan cyclobutanes,” which have many important pharmaceutical…