Hydrogen cyanide

The goal of this experiment was to use chemistry to analyze an unknown compound and through testing its physical and chemical properties determine what unknown compound that was found in a landfill. This would benefit the Environmental Protection Agency because once they know what the substance was they could determine the best way to remove it from the landfill and if there were any potential safety hazards to beware of while handling the substance. This would prevent any accidents that may…

Magnesium Chloride as a Deicer Emily Lekah Fall 2015 CHEM 1066 October 15, 2015 University of Minnesota Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate magnesium chloride as a deicer. To be a good deicer, a salt must be able to lower the enthalpy when is mixed with water. This will cause an exothermic reaction and release heat. This experiment had three tests performed within it, The freezing point depression, the enthalpy of dissolution, and finding…

Three theories are presented and analyzed in this review. A recent study has refuted two past theories and concluded that magnesium contributes to transition state intermediate stabilization through a water ligand that forms a hydrogen bond with a charged oxygen atom. This is supported by a several notable observations. Zalatan et al. observed substantial effect on monoester hydrolysis and minimal effect on diester hydrolysis when a Mg(II) ion was removed. This evidence refutes…

It is an element. It is rare. It is Hassium. Out of a total of 118 elements on the Periodic Table of Elements, Hassium is just one. Hassium is the 108th element on the periodic table. Have you ever heard of Hassium? The term Hassium was derived from a german state of Hesse, where Hassium was first made. Hassium was discovered in 1984 by Peter Armbruster and Gottfried Munzenburg. These two inventors developed this element in Darmstadt, Germany which is located in Europe. Hassium has a…

Introduction In 1950 the Nobel Prize for Chemistry was awarded to Otto Diels and Kurt Alder for their description of an invaluable chemical reaction (The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950). The reaction they described was for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds in a six membered ring with exceptional control of its stereochemistry in one step (Diels-Alder Reaction Gains Nobel Prize). This was an important discovery due to the fact that six membered rings are abundant natural products and man-made…

Combustion happens when a fuel reacts with oxygen. Depending on how much oxygen is available, fuels can combust completely or incompletely. Complete combustion happens when there is excess oxygen available to the fuel. Complete combustion of hydrocarbons produces water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Incomplete combustion happens when there is limited oxygen. The incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons produces water (H2O), small amounts of Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and…

test tube which indicates the formation of gas. After the reaction, the HCl solution appears to still have bubbles in its presence and the zinc metal is fizzing. In this reaction, the zinc reacts with the hydrochloric acid to form zinc chloride and hydrogen gas (equation 10). For the first double replacement reaction, barium nitrate Ba(NO3)2 is combined with sodium hydroxide NaOH. During the reaction, the mixture is cloudy and white while there are small particles of precipitation in the…

This is two week project is to evaluate the stereochemical outcome and facial selectivity of an oxidation-reduction interconversion between 4-tert- butylcyclohexanol and 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone while investigating the stereoselectivity of different reducing agents. During the first week, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol, a secondary alcohol (mixture of cis and trans stereoisomers) is to be oxidized into a ketone, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone using sodium hypochlorite (bleach). Thin layer chromatography…

dichlorobutanes are 8.34% for 1,1 dichlorobutane, 21.30% for 1,2 dichlorobutane, 44.50% for 1,3 dichlorobutane, and 25.86% for 1,4 dichlorobutane. The Relative Reactivities per hydrogen of the C-1, C-2, and C-3 positions in 1-chlorobutane compared to the C-4 position was 0.48: 1.24: 2.58: 1. These results show us that the primary hydrogens…

Cachou de Laval: This was the first sulfur dye. It is obtained by heating brown coal in a rotary baker with sodium polusulfide and sulfur. It is also made by heating organic refuse with sulfur and sodium sulfide at temoeratures varying from 100⁰-350⁰C. The higher the temperature, the darker the product. Other alternatives intermediates are lignite, sawdust, bran, sulfite cellulose waste liquors (free from calcium), oils, fats and fatty acids. It appears as black hygroscopic lumps or powder. It…