Hydrogen chloride

and the negative Cl- ions were attracted to the hydrogen (positive) end of the water molecules. As an end result, the ionic bond between the sodium and the chloride was broken. CuSO4(s) ⇔ Cu+2(aq) + SO4-2(aq) Like the sodium chloride, the copper sulphate was split into its individual ionic components. The positive Cu+2 ions were attracted to the oxygen (negative) end of the water molecules, and the negative SO4-2 ions were attracted to the hydrogen (positive) end of the water molecules.…

other compounds. After performing the four anion tests, a positive identification was able to be made showing that the unknown compound contained a chloride ion since a white precipitate was formed from the reaction (Table 1). The sulfate, nitrate, and carbonate tests all yielded negative results when no precipitate was formed. The reaction of the chloride anion is as follows: Cl- + AgNO3 -->…

two-part experiment meant to have us practice our skills and then use those skills in actual data collection and analysis. In part one we used a sample of sodium saccharinate combined with a sample of a metal halide salt, our group used copper(II) chloride. The combination of these two samples allowed for the synthesis of a metal complex. In part two of the experiment we used a procedure similar to part one in order to collect phosphorus out of a sample of fertilizer. This sample was then…

The less-polar ethanol molecules had a more difficult time creating intermolecular bonds with the polar molecules of sucrose and citric acid, due to the hydrogen and/or dipole-dipole bonding within those compounds themselves, thus explaining the insolubility of those compounds with the ethanol. In addition, the benzoic acid, being nonpolar, had an easier time dissolving with the less-polar ethanol due to…

based on temperature or solute concentration. The determination of precipitates also come from solubility rules. According to Cooper, almost all sodium, potassium, and ammonium salts are soluble which mean that they will not form a precipitate.1 All chlorides, bromides, iodides, and fluorides, nitrates, chlorates, perchlorates, and acetates, and sulfates are also soluble. The only exceptions are as follows: Ag+, Hg2+, Pb2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Pb2+. For week three, the goal was to determine…

Energy profile of exothermic reaction Energy profile of endothermic reaction A)Doc Brown (2016) B)Doc Brown (2016) Thermodynamic reactions occur when there is a difference of energy during a chemical reaction. There are two types; Firstly, Exothermic reactions; This is when the initial reactants use less energy to break their existing bonds, than what energy was required to make the new bonds. The extra heat is spreads out into the surroundings (see above diagram A) An…

with glucose and sucrose. Diluting 1 M of sodium chloride with water made six solutions. The six solutions ranging from 0M to 1M were prepared. These 6 solutions composed of 50 mL of solutions with different concentration of NaCl. The uses of concentrations of NaCl were 0M, 0.2M, 0.4M, 0.6M, 0.8M, and 1M. Then 6 equally sized and shaped cylinders of potato were obtained and weighed initially. Then these 6 potatoes were put inside of the sodium chloride solutions. After 45 minutes, the 6 potatoes…

dissolved in water and the chloride ions were precipitated using silver nitrate which produced silver chloride. The silver chloride was then separated by filtration techniques and through this the amount of chlorine in the original salt was able to be calculated. It is expected that the chlorine percent will be around 55.95% because that is the accepted value of chlorine content in the unknown salt. Theory: In this experiment the unknown salt was precipitated as silver chloride through the…

water splitting reaction using semiconductor electrode reported by Fujishima et al. in 1972 [1], there is increasing interest in the development of metal oxide photocatalysts for environmentally friendly applications such as air purification [2], hydrogen production via water splitting [3] and the removal of organic molecules from water [4]. Recently, photocatalyst thin film has aroused growing interests instead of a powder type of photocatalyst. Photocatalyst film can be deposited on various…

CONTENTS RESEARCH QUESTION How does the length of carbon chains, specifically those related to alkanols, namely ethanol 1- propanol and 1- butanol, affect the heat of combustion? AIM To investigate how the length of carbon chains affect the heat of combustion and enthalpy, in order to determine which fuel would be the safest and most efficient to take on a camping trip. HYPOTHESIS If the number of carbon atoms in an alkanol is increased, then the alkanol containing the longest carbon…