Hydrogen bond

reactions. A Lewis acid is an atom, ion or molecule that accepts an electron pair to form a covalent that accepts an electron pair to form a covalent bond. Each theory agrees that an acid is a substance that is dissolved in water and is separated. Although Arrhenius' and Lowry's theory separates them into individual ions, Lewis forms them into covalent bonds. The Arrhenius theory opposes the Lowry theory because it is linked to pH and the other is not. The Bronsted-Lowry theory is different…

Molar Volume of a Gas Lab The purpose of the lab was to do an experiment to determine the molar volume of hydrogen gas at standard temperature and pressure, or STP. To start the experiment, a beaker was filled with water and then a cage was created with a copper wire. A piece of magnesium was cut and placed inside the cage in order to keep the reaction going until all of the magnesium reacted with the hydrochloric acid. The eudiometer tube was filled with 15 mL of hydrochloric acid and water…

Because of the hydrogen bond between polar lipids and membrane protein, the complex is strongly linked to the microalgal cell membrane {Medina, 1998 #3}{Halim, 2012 #7}. The co-solvent system penetrates into the microalgal cytoplasm and interacts with the neutral lipid-polar…

on each side must be balanced, meaning that nothing is destroyed or created in the reaction. On pg 72 of the interactive notebook, there is a diagram of a chemical reaction showing a reaction between carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. On the reactant side of the reaction there is 1 carbon, 4 hydrogen, and 4 oxygen. On the product side, although it looks much different, there is still the exact same amount of each, meaning that it created something new (a chemical reaction), but stayed balanced. Also…

There are numerous scientists who have positively impacted the field of Chemistry; from Robert Bunsen to George Washington Carver, chemists have and continue to shape the publics knowledge of Chemistry. However, one chemist stands out from all the rest because of his historical, societal, and person significance: George Claude Pimentel. Pimentel’s life, work, and contribution to Chemistry have shaped this field and impacted it in ways that other scientists have not. Background George Claude…

pressures, the reaction can be superheated to temperatures beyond the normal boiling point of the solvent. This heat was responsible for converting the Pd(OAc)2 pre-catalyst into active Pd(0) catalyst, which was then able insert between the benzene-bromide bond of bromobenzene in the oxidative addition step of the Suzuki reaction. For the following transmetallation, the Na2CO3 base first…

This is two week project is to evaluate the stereochemical outcome and facial selectivity of an oxidation-reduction interconversion between 4-tert- butylcyclohexanol and 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone while investigating the stereoselectivity of different reducing agents. During the first week, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol, a secondary alcohol (mixture of cis and trans stereoisomers) is to be oxidized into a ketone, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone using sodium hypochlorite (bleach). Thin layer chromatography…

Carbohydrates are biological molecules made up of organic substances such as Oxygen, Hydrogen and Carbon (Rapidlearningcenter.com 2015). They normally have a two to one hydrogen to oxygen ratio and can be classified by the empirical formula Cm (H20)n where m and n could be possibly different. Some biologists refer to carbohydrates as hydrates of carbon and they are technically correct. Alternately, there is no possible empirical formula that can describe lipids. Lipid must be identified…

Alkaline phosphatase catalyzes the hydrolysis and transphosphorylation of phosphomonoesters (1). A kinetic reaction scheme of AP is presented in Figure 2. Figure 2: Kinetic reaction scheme of alkaline phosphatase (11). Under the hydrolysis reaction, free phosphate and an alcohol molecule are released from the active site. The rate-determining step of this reaction is pH dependent. Transphosphorylation has similar initiate steps as hydrolysis. However, phosphate cannot exit the active site,…

Three theories are presented and analyzed in this review. A recent study has refuted two past theories and concluded that magnesium contributes to transition state intermediate stabilization through a water ligand that forms a hydrogen bond with a charged oxygen atom. This is supported by a several notable observations. Zalatan et al. observed substantial effect on monoester hydrolysis and minimal effect on diester hydrolysis when a Mg(II) ion was removed. This evidence refutes the…