Hydrogen bond

Hypernovas are the deaths of massive stars and the formation of a black hole. They are larger than supernovas and are believed to be the origin of long gamma ray bursts. This violent explosion happens in a matter of seconds, but produces more energy in those seconds than the sun produces in its entire 9 billion year lifespan. Not a lot was known about hypernovas until 2003 when a massive gamma ray burst reached earth. This was identified as a hypernova and photographed. In 1999 remnants of a…

D, breaks down sugar and transfers electrons from FADH2 to the electron transport chain. The process begins with the Krebs cycle, in which succinate in its reduced form is oxidized to fumarate. FAD is then reduced to FADH2 as it accepts the extra hydrogen molecules from the oxidation of succinate to fumarate. Both of these reactions are catalyzed by SDH. The electrons from FADH2 are then passed to ubiquinone, then down the electron transport chain (Rustin, et al.,…

Stars that are formed with different masses are thought to have different properties, such as low mass stars are more likely to turn into dwarf planets and high mass stars are more likely to turn into supernovas. Average stars like the sun usually become white dwarfs and the process of emitting its outer layers carry on until the stellar core is revealed which is known as a white dwarf. White dwarfs have the mass of a star but are the size of our planet which arose various questions along the…

white dwarf. High-mass stars become a supernova, a giant explosion, then can become either a neutron star or a black hole. While still in the main sequence, though, stars go through nuclear fusion to produce heat and energy. This is a process where hydrogen molecules fuse into helium. Nuclear Fusion…

The Demise Of The Great “Hindenburg” T he era of the Hindenburg along with all other airships of it’s time came to an explosive end all in one unexpected day. Put that aside for now but I promise to readdress that topic soon enough, but first I shall explain it’s long journey to it’s inevitable destruction. The great airship that was given the iconic name of “Hindenburg” was constructed by America’s enemy at the time, Nazi Germany itself. First of all, you need to know that it was the…

Each test yielded its own unique set of observations, calculations and results. In order to determine these various values through calculation, the experimental data as well as the chemical reaction of calcium hydroxide was used for all calculations. The chemical equation is displayed below: The first experiment determined the molarity of OH- and Ca2+, the Ksp and the ΔG for saturated calcium hydroxide at 21°C. In order to determine these values, the experimental data as well as the chemical…

Interpretation Acid-mine drainage occurs when sulfide-bearing waste rock and tailings come in contact with waters containing dissolved oxygen. The resulting oxidation reactions release associated metals and acidity, which may impact the biological community and significantly lower the pH of downstream waterways (Army, 2010). Released metals that are transported downstream may be removed from solution through precipitation of and sorption onto iron and manganese hydroxides. Attenuation of metals…

Welding is going to be a fun and hard career. It is going to take some time to get the hang of it. Welding is a job that deals with gas, electricity, and heat. To get a welding job, it usually takes 2-3 years of welding just to be good at it. Welding is a job that many people would love to have. Welding is a good building block to start a career as an adult. A career in welding offers a safe environment, good wages, and a great workplace. Environment is the thing you work in. Always check your…

The purpose of this experiment was to prepare a benzocaine, by direct Fisher esterification of p-aminobenzoic acid with ethanol in the presence of sulfuric acid as catalyst. Equations Percent Yield= (mass product obtained)/(mass therotical ) X 100 Results Table 1: Percent yield of crude benzocaine, its melting point and comparison with literature value Melting Point Melting Point Range Percent Yield 82.9 °C – 84.5°C 1.6 59.3% Discussion The weight of the final product was 0.086 grams. The…

Synthesis of oleyl 9,(12)-hydroxy-10,(13)-oleioxyoctadecanoate (OLHYOODT) (4) The reaction mixture was heated on a magnetic heater and stirrer until it reached the experiment temperature; catalyst sulfuric acid (SA) and desiccant of silica gel (SG) were added to the mixture at that moment to remove the water during the reaction. The reaction temperatures were held constant within a range of ±1°C. A mixture of HYOODA 3 (5 g; 0.01 mol), oleyl alcohol (OL) (10 g; 0.02 mol) in a 250-mL three-neck…