Hydrochloric acid

Eosin methyl blue (EMB) agar and MacConkey broth w/neutral red, HiMedia Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. India for coliform; Plate count agar, HiMedia Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. India for TPC; Potato dextrose agar, HiMedia Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. India for yeast & mold testing. Methyl Red Indicator, MERCK, India; Iodin, Qualigens, India; Methyl Orange, Qualigens, India; Ferroin Indicator Sol, MERCK, India; Glycerol, Qualigens, India; Methylene Blue , Qualigens, India; Oil emersion, MERK, India; Christal…

Figure 1 shows the relation between density ρ and molar volume Mv as a function of copper oxide. From this figure, can be observed that the ρ and Mv decreased with the increased of copper oxide content replacement the lead oxide. The decrease of density due to the molecular weight of CuO is lower than the molecular weight of Pb3O4. The decrease of the molar volume due to the decrease the number of oxygen and may be the ionic radius of copper ions less than the ionic radius of lead ions. The…

Normal standards for specific gravity are as typically as follows: 1.000 to 1.030 is a normal specific gravity, 1.001 after drinking excessive amounts of water, more than 1.030 after not drinking very many fluids and concentrated after receiving an antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Max’s urine concentration varied in concentration each time he was tested. The first test showed that his urine was a pale yellow which was an indication that he was hydrated. The second test showed the concentration to be…

Introduction Density measures the volume that a given amount of mass takes up. Usually, density has grams per unit volume as a unit. To find the density of an object, the object has to be measured and its mass has to be divided by its volume. Often times, density is used to identify substances, since different elements have specific densities. This experiment is made up of two sections; the first section measures the density of water and the density of an unknown substance. If the procedure is…

The objective of this experiment in Lab #2 was to identify an unknown substance using different chemical tests to determine what organic molecules it contains. These tests are referred to as the Benedict’s, Lugol’s, Biuret, and Sudan IV tests and are each used to identify an organic compound. For instance, Benedict’s checks for reducing sugars, Lugol’s for starch, Biuret for protein, and Sudan IV for lipids. When testing the unknown with each reagent, the substance only tested positive for…

The purpose of this experiment was to identify what the effect type of fruit had on the consistency of Jell-O. The Jell-O with apple slices in it had the hardest consistency, and the pennies dropped into the Jell-O/apple mixture dropped an average of .07 inches into the container. The pennies in the mango and Jell-O mixture dropped in an average of 1.1875 inches in, and the pennies dropped an average of 1.4875 inches into the pineapple and Jell-O mixture, meaning the apples and Jell-O solution’s…

digested. This vesicle fuses with the lysosome to form a phagolysosome complex. The acidic environment denatures macromolecules to increase their surface area for hydrolases to act. Once broken down, the soluble, useful material such as sugars, amino acids and nucleotides are used by the cell as nutrients; they enter the cytosol through the lysosomal membrane by either facilitated diffusion or active transport. Indigestible material remains within the lysosome to form a residual body; this is…

Argyria, or more commonly known as blue skin disorder, is a condition in which the skin turns purple of purple-grey in color. This is due to the acquisition of silver or silver compounds in the body. Generally this rare skin disorder only has cosmetic effects and is not a lethal condition. However argyria is mainly incurable and irreversible. There are two forms of argyria, generalized argyria and localized argyria. Generalized argyria affects large areas of the visible surface of the body…

and therefore chemical dehydration forms a new water molecule along with a new double bond. In this experiment 2-methycyclohexanol will react with phosphoric acid, the phosphoric acid will act as a catalyze. Drierite will be added to the reaction flask to adsorb both the water that forms and the water which is present in the phosphoric acid. The reaction is carried out in the bottom of the Hickman still. As the volatile alkene product forms it vaporizes and collects in the ring. When the…

Fluorine (F) is just like any other element such as Oxygen and Calcium. However, due to its composition with another element, it is often referred to as, “Fluoride ions” (F-) or simply “Fluoride.” Dietary fluoride is often found in tea and sea food. Nevertheless, it’s common sources are water, rocks, soils as well as the sea. This essay seeks to examine the negative impacts of fluoride. To begin, fluorine causes detrimental effects on the teeth by causing dental fluorosis, which was first noted…