Hydrochloric acid

Investigation was carried out to assess the effect of salt concentration on quality of sauerkraut prepared from mature cabbage head. Cabbage sample were chopped in small pieces and mixed with different salt concentrations ie., 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 % and allowed to ferment for preparation of sauerkraut at ambient condition. Acidity of sauerkraut increased with increase in fermentation period and it reached maximum on 21 days after fermentation and thereafter it decreased in all the salt…

Amine synthesis is a three-step organic reaction that converts an alkyl halide to a primary amine. The advantage offered by Gabriel Amine synthesis is that it avoids poly-alkylation. Step 1: acid-base reaction. The acidic phthalimide molecule gets deprotonated by a strong base. The strength of an acid depends on the stability of the conjugate base. The negative charge on the conjugate base of phthalimide is delocalised over three highly electronegative oxygen and nitrogen atoms. The combined…

Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, limiting equivalent conductance (Λ0), ion association, activation energy and thermodynamic functions. Introduction: The measurement of electrical conductivities of dilute solutions of salts or complexes is considered to be one of the important methods for studying the ion-pair or multiple- ion association not only in aqueous solutions but also in non-aqueous or mixed ones 1-4. Also, conductivity measurements were used to evaluate the hydration free energy of some…

hydrogens and sometimes the addition of oxygen. 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol will undergo an oxidation reaction to produce an unknown product (Scheme 1). (1) Scheme 1. 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol undergoes a reaction with sodium hypochlorite and glacial acetic acid to produce an unknown product. There are three possible outcomes when 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol undergoes the oxidation reaction (Scheme 2, Scheme 3, and Scheme 4). (2) Scheme 2. The first possible product when 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol undergoes…

Acid base balance is a part of homeostasis for maintaining the pH of the body. It is necessary for the functioning of enzymes and structural integrity of proteins. In case of an unacceptably large variation in the pH of the body, the enzymes lose their normal function, the proteins get denatured, and in extreme cases, death might result. The normal pH of human blood is 7.4, the acceptable range being 7.35-7.45. In the…

is that one test tube sat in an ice bucket and the other test tube sat in a beaker on a hot plate. For the pH optimum experiment, my partner Gabby and I choose to do two test tube of one having 1.4mL of the very basic, Boric acid, and the other having 1.4mL of the very acid, 5 NHCl. Both test tubes had 0.5 mL of the substrate and 0.1 mL of the enzyme. They both sat for twenty minutes in the water bath and checking every five…

measure the enthalpy change of acid-based chemical reactions; part 1 reacted NaOH with HCl and part 2 reacted KOH and HCl. In parts 2, 3, and 5, 2.0 M of KOH, HCl, and NaOH were each separately diluted with water, respectively. After collecting the data, the goal of the lab was to then calculate the enthalpy change by using linear regression models on Excel and the appropriate equations relating to enthalpy…

5.3. Results of the 3rd experiment. (Co-digestion of kitchen waste with cow dung slurry). 5.3.1. Results for the physicochemical characteristics Sl. No Parameter Fresh cow dung slurry Fresh food waste slurry Fresh cow-dung + fresh food waste slurry Digested slurry 1 pH 6.4 6.0 6.2 7.0 2 Total solids (%) 8.5 9.1 8.8 6.16 3 Moisture Content (%) 92 90.5 91.25 94.33 4 Volatile Solids (%) 92.9 94.5 93.7 82.50 5 Percent carbon 2.27 3.03 2.65 0.27 6 Phosphate(mg/100g) 0.24 0.310 0.275 1.010…

Pure Copper Iodide were synthesised and the mass percentage of Copper in purified Copper (I) Iodide sample were determined by applying Beer’s Law in UV-Vis spectroscopy. Absorbance value of Cu-cuprizone solution was measured. Using the absorbance value of 0.3576 , the concentration of the Cu-cuprizone solution were obtained at 0.001389g/L with reference to the graph of the standard solution A to D. The graph of absorbance against concentration of the standard solution A to D shows a linear…

2.1. C. tomentosum extract characterization C. tomentosum extract proximal composition is shown in Table 1. The relatively higher ash proportion in seaweed extract (SE) (aprox. 74%) could largely be accounted for by the lower moisture content, and probably due to a hygroscopic nature of the SE (Blanco-Pascual, Montero, & Gómez-Guillén, 2014). The values of TPC and DPPH radical-scavenging activity are consistent with literature (Andrade et al., 2013; Valentão et al., 2010) (Table 1). POD and PPO…