Hydrochloric acid

in the formulation of soap and also to produce the average quality of soap bar using basic formulations from palm oil. Generally, soap is a salt of a compound and it is known as a fatty acid. Most soap is produced either by using sodium or potassium. Its molecule has a long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxylic acid group…

INTRODUCTION 1.1What is an acid-base titration? An acid –base titration is the determination of the concentration of an acid or base by neutralizing the acid or base with an acid or base of known concentration. An acid-base titration is the analysis of the concentration of acids and bases; through this process an acid or base of known concentration neutralizes an acid or base of unknown concentration. The neutralization of an acid or base in acid-base titration can be measured with either a…

[mol/dm3] sulphuric acid was added to the flask, and shaken well with the stopper. The name of the members and the date was written on the flask, and was left for a week for the iron sulphate tablets to fully dissolve in the acid. After the tablets have fully dissolved, the whole solution was filtered using a filter paper and a funnel into a 100 [cm2] volumetric flask. The remaining residue in the filter paper was rinsed with a small amount of distilled water. Then, sulphuric acid was added to…

strong acid. Then, react one of the unknown solution with all of the others and note any visible reaction (change in color or formation of precipitate) that occurs. After that, some the solutions might be identified throughout the…

Synthesis ofp-[1-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)-1-(p-Methoxyphenyl)Ethyl]Phenol (HMEP) 0.2 mol of phenol was mixed with the solution containing 100 mL of acetic acid in 200 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid in 500 mL five necked round bottom flask fitted with anoil bath, thermometer, mechanical stirrer, reflux condenser. The contents of the flask was stirred for a period of 15 min, the solution was heated to 65oC, 0.1 mol ofp-methoxyacetophenone was introduced into a dropwise to the solution for about 6 h…

pKa AND pKb USING ACID-BASE TITRATIONS Introduction Acid-base titrations can be used to determine pKa of a weak acid and pKb of a base. A weak acid and a weak base incompletely dissociate in water. For this reason, the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-) depend on equilibrium coefficients of acid (Ka) and base (Kb). Equation 1 shows the chemical dissociation equation of a weak acid. Furthermore, Equation 2 describes the equilibrium constant of a weak acid. On the other…

state. It was indicated that PANI nanoparticles structure has an average diameter of 50nm, while PANI nanorods structure was found to have an average length of 4µm and average diameters of 95nm. The effect of the PANI morphological structure on the Acid blue 25 dye decolorization process was studied. The PANI nanorods recorded higher rate of dye decolorization of 99% within 8min compared with PANI nanoparticles that recorded the same percentage decolorization within 16min. Keywords:…

oxygen3. Serratia Marcescens is a gram negative bacterium. Gram negative bacteria have a thin cell of a single layer of peptidoglycan that is enclosed by an outer membrane. The outer membrane is surrounded by special phospholipids composed of fatty acids called lipopolysaccharides that are attached to a glucosamine…

go to 7 or 7.8, it can be deadly. The blood buffer contains carbonic acid which dissociates into bicarbonate acid and hydrogen ions. This equation can also be reversed; it is a chemical equilibrium. If the hydrogen ions rise, bicarbonate accepts the hydrogen ions and the equilibrium shifts left thus making the blood acidic. When the blood becomes acidic, acidosis…

nanomechanical retention which is due to polymerisation of hydrophilic monomers around acid exposed collagen fibres.1 The entanglement of these monomers within the exposed collagen fibres gives rise to the so called Hybrid layer , which is also referred as Resin infiltrated Dentin layer.2 The presence of hybrid layer is important for attainment of a leakage free interface between the cavity walls and resin composite.2 After acid etching, the demineralized collagen matrix is present in a…