Hydrocarbon

condensed liquid containing water and hydrocarbon was transferred to a graduated cylinder. A water layer with higher density was at the bottom of the cylinder. The volume of the water was then used in calculating the water content in the sample (using the density of water of 1g/cm3 ). Volatile hydrocarbon content: A known mass of sample was put in an oven (with ventilation) at 105°C for 24 hours. The reduction in mass indicated the moisture and light hydrocarbon content in the sludge. Fuel…

If the amount of oxygen is reduced even further then soot (carbon) is produced. Incomplete combustion occurs more often with longer chains of hydrocarbons as they require more oxygen to combust completely as opposed to shorter chains of hydrocarbons which need less oxygen to burn completely. Consequences of Incomplete Combustion in the Home Carbon monoxide, a product of incomplete combustion, is a very dangerous gas that can seriously harm your…

cuticular hydrocarbons (or CHCs) and their scents will differ and be dependent on the mix of the cuticular hydrocarbons. One scientist contributes a quote of exactly how to think of cuticular hydrocarbons, “It’s as if each fly has a bouquet of flowers it’s holding” (Kwok, 6). The hydrocarbons that flies sniff will help them choose a mate, which leads the scientists to think that there is a chance that the flies mated with the ones they did because the bacteria changed what cuticular hydrocarbons…

difference(s) between alkanes and alkenes. Introduction: Hydrocarbons are composed exclusively of oxygen and hydrogen. There are three types of homogeneous hydrocarbons (whose members differ by one CH2 unit): alkanes, alkenes and alkynes. The difference between these three groups is in the bond types between the carbons. Alkanes form only single bonds, alkenes form double bonds, and in alkynes there is at least one triple bond. Alkanes are hydrocarbons which is only contain single covalent…

limits. The emission reductions of the 1970's came about because of fundamental improvements in engine design, plus the addition of charcoal canisters to collect hydrocarbon vapors and exhaust gas recirculation valves to reduce nitrogen oxides. The advent of "first generation" catalytic converters in 1975 significantly reduced hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions. The use of catalytic converters provided a huge indirect benefit as well. Because lead inactivates the catalyst, 1975 saw the…

Degradation of these hydrocarbons using physico- chemical processes result in harmful compounds which further disturb the environment. 1.3.1.4. Paper and Pulp effluents Chlorinated organic compounds are synthesized during bleaching process which are harmful to ecosystems. This…

Because extracting hydrocarbons from the subsurface is a long and tedious process which requires a lot of work and precision, petroleum engineers often choose different fields to specialize in. These fields range from exploration, drilling to petroleum accounting, economy and…

limits. The emission reductions of the 1970's came about because of fundamental improvements in engine design, plus the addition of charcoal canisters to collect hydrocarbon vapors and exhaust gas recirculation valves to reduce nitrogen oxides. The advent of "first generation" catalytic converters in 1975 significantly reduced hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions. The use of catalytic converters provided a huge indirect benefit as well. Because lead inactivates the catalyst, 1975 saw the…

Explain the difference in terms of intermolecular forces. Solubility of alcohols in water Small alcohols are completely soluble in water; mixing the two in any proportion generates a single solution. However, solubility decreases as the length of the hydrocarbon chain in the alcohol increases. At four carbon atoms and beyond, the decrease in solubility is noticeable; a two-layered substance may appear in a test tube when the two are mixed. Consider ethanol as a typical small alcohol. In both…

the skin or mucous layers. They typically contain lower than 20% water and volatiles and more than 50% hydrocarbons, waxes, or polyols as the vehicle. Ointment bases known for use as vehicles fall into four general classes: hydrocarbon bases, absorption bases, water-removable bases, and water-soluble bases. Each therapeutic ointment has its base one of these four general classes. • Hydrocarbon Bases: They are called ''oleaginous ointment bases,'' are described by White Petrolatum and White…