Husayn ibn Ali

advancement toward secular Westernization with its strong Islamic roots led to great social upheaval. Indeed the “culture of distrust” that marked the Iranian political sphere created a sense of paranoia among the masses on which revolutionaries like Ali Shari’ati acted. But many of the conspiracy theories that prevailed were not without legitimacy; Iranians felt that imperial powers controlled their leaders—which in fact they did. For example, it was the British who helped Reza Khan rise to…

The Iranian Revolution refers to events involving the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty under Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, who was supported by the United States and its eventual replacement with an Islamic republic under the Grand Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the leader of the revolution, supported by various leftist and Islamic organizations and Iranian student movements. Demonstrations against the Shah commenced in October 1977, developing into a campaign of civil resistance that included both…

therefore many types of anesthetics came around. One of the most popular would have been Opium and Cannabis. Andalusian ophthalmologic surgeon Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi relied on opium and mandrake as surgical anesthetics. The Persian physician Abū ‘Alī al-Husayn ibn Sina ("Avicenna") described opium as the most powerful of the drugs in his The Canon of Medicine. The text lists medicinal effects of opium, such as hypnosis, antitussive effects, gastrointestinal effects, cognitive effects,…

Herbs such as henbane and Indian hemp (related to marijuana) were known for their anesthetic properties, and physicians stressed the effects of diet and environment on health. Perhaps one of the most famous eastern physicians was Abu ‘Ali al-Husayn ibn ‘Abd Allah ibn Sina (980–1037 A.D.), whose work The Canon of Medicine codified existing medical knowledge. The Canon includes descriptions, causes and diagnostic techniques for conditions such as rabies, stomach ulcers, different types of…

A pilgrimage is the spiritual journey made to a sacred place in order to show religious devotion and is an aspect of every major religion. In the three Abrahamic faiths, Islam, Judaism and Christianity, pilgrimage possesses a similar interpretation that is distinct from other religions. While similar in pilgrimage sites, the three religions vary in their pilgrimage purpose and practices. The five pillars of Islam are five essential acts that every able Muslim must perform; the fifth is the Hajj…

They knew of the internal strife that was occurring within the empire that was slowly tearing the empire apart. They knew this through the correspondence letters of Husayn and McMahon and discovered they could offer a Jewish Homeland in Palestine and show their support with Jewish Zionist (AFK 4:4). During this time the British and French knew the Ottoman empire was going to fall and offered support for Jewish immigrants…

The opening Surah of the Quran is Surah Al Fatiha. And we commits our salah next Surah to the degree that the Salaah is not the correct for the one who does not read Surah Al Fatiha. Prophet Muhammad ( peace be upon him ) said: your salaah is not valid if you didn’t read Surah Fatiha in it. There is how important the Surah is. للهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ اللهِ بِسْمِ In the name of Allah, The Beneficent, The Merciful. The Holy phrase bism ill ah ir…

Throughout history, especially the history of science, the relationship between science and religion has been predominantly conflicting. Their desire for seeking and providing answers to the unknown naturally associates their purpose. Science and religion may explore and investigate similar topics regarding life’s unexplained answers, but through very different approaches and methods. Science, focused solely on the psychical or natural world, pursues and collects answers through a systematic,…