Human reliability

Tests need to be accurate (i.e. valid) for the researcher to know the test can be trusted. Tests have a concept or framework that guide what the test is supposed to measure. Construct-based validity evidence is used to measure to the degree that the test is measuring that construct. This type of validity has two subparts: discriminant validity and convergent validity. When constructs are not supposed to be related, discriminant validity checks to see if they are in fact unrelated. On the other…

seconds to complete the TUG test, then he or she is at a higher risk for falling (CDC, 2013). The researchers state that the inter-rater reliability of the TUG test is very high among hospital in-patients and community-dwelling older adults (Herman, Giladi, & Hausdorff, 2011). Additionally, the researchers state that the TUG test has a moderate test-retest reliability in a large study of older adults, and the TUG test was able to identify fallers from non-fallers with an 87% sensitivity and…

because, if a random error were to occur, and the diluted Aquasol concentration does not result in the desired concentration, the validity, reliability, and precision of the results is majorly decreased. Whereas if the Aquasol concentrations were already previously diluted in a lab by professionals, or were bought in the correct concentrations, the reliability, validity, and precision of the results would have been have been significantly better. Another weakness in this experimental design was…

nonverbal communication skills client might do better drawing than verbally discussing issues. Weaknesses that are included within the test include the inconsistency of the test due to the multiple versions and interpretations available that affect the reliability and validity of the test. Another weakness is multicultural concerns pertaining language and cultural barrier for test takers. These concerns can also affect the results and interpretations, which can cause adverse effects to do the…

The values for the Axial length and Keratometry obtained through the various methods as mentioned above should be consistent so as to rule out sources of error. The need to repeat these measurements can be obtained based upon the HOLLADAY CRITERIA which states: Repeat Km if: Km47D for either eye Difference between the two eyes >1 D Corneal cylinder doesnot correlate well with the refractive cylinder Repeat AL if: AL< 22mm AL> 25mm Difference between the two eyes > 0.3 mm Doesnot…

Prompt 2. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the lightness constancy and how it works. Including how the visual system works with constancies, to properly attribute uniform color to a surface. The way to go about the task is with an example. Imagine there are two surfaces next to each other. One appears uniformly white since the light source is evenly distributed throughout the surface. The other has surface patches, a non-uniformity in the light being reflected off of the surface. So…

and reliability is a fairly new phenomenon; it was thought that analyzing the findings was not needed because this particular type of research deals with real-time (interviews or observations). However, it was discovered that researchers showed some form of bias in their studies. The belief is that the studies were bias because most researchers are looking for some form of funding. Therefore, many are now finding themselves having to prove their qualitative studies with validity/reliability…

Most important type of validity is the Construct Validity. Any research is impossible without employing constructs (Shadish et.al, 2002). In every research, we aim to understand or imagine constructs and measure their indicators to make inferences as well as judgements. Locke (2012) explains that construct validity is nothing but validating such constructs depending on their correlations with other variables that are indicators or theoretically related to the constructs in question. In order to…

setting and for assessing the efficiency of management (Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, 1994). The enquiry of reliability looks at the uniformity of the implement to reach the same analytical deductions (Volk, et al., 2007). Reliability denotes to dependability of repeatability of scores and is a sign of unsystematic measurement error (Volk, et al., 2007). The notion behind reliability is that any substantial outcomes must be more than one off from the estimated focal point and be…

Psychological assessment measurements are appraised based on two key measurement constructs: reliability and validity. Reliability of an assessment denotes how consistent the test scores are after repeated executions of the assessment. The reliability of an assessment is necessary and is a foundation to build upon for validity. Validity is the second key measurement construct that deals with the degree to which “the evidence exists to support the various inferences, interpretations,…