Human blood group systems

to the medical field by refusing to accept blood transfusions. A variety of aspects of medicine, such as surgery and trauma, use blood transfusions for the preservation of life. Philip Baron, a professor or law, argues that the state has interests in preserving human life as well as “protecting the professional ethics and discretion of the medical profession”. These two interests create conflict between upholding patient autonomy and preserving human life. Medical and legal precedents provide…

theory, called Transmission Early Hypothesis suggests humans contracted HIV in the early 1900’s. This theory goes on to say that a small population of humans had it, but it stayed isolated within this population until the 1930’s when political changes arose in Africa and caused the virus to spread between populations. The second theory is called the Transmission Epidemic Hypothesis. This is the idea that HIV was spread from non-human primates to humans in 1930, and immediately began to spread.…

centuries for scientific studies. 400 years ago William Harvey used animal testing to discover how blood circulated through our bodies. More modern animal research started about 150 years ago with the rise of physiology as a science. There have been many great discoveries with animal testing, but there has also been great controversy. Many people believe that animals should have the same rights as humans do when it comes to this topic. The definition of sacrifice is, the act of giving up…

Our human body consists of several different types of organs for example, lung, heart and kidney each organs have specific function that they carry out. Small part of the cell which is called organelles, they have been adapted to carry out certain function and this can be more than one. Organelles are found in eukaryotes and they are always surrounded by protective membrane. Mitochondria which is the organelle it acts like a digestive system because it takes in all the nutrients, breaks them…

Developing a method for imaging inside of human body that compromises generality, accuracy and execution speed has been a great issue for the brain science for the last decades. There are many methods imaging structure such as CT, PET, EEG, MEG, fMRI. Recent years have seen impressive improvements in fMRI, and it seems that fMRI is gaining popularity over other methods. Becoming a popular tool for investigations into the neural correlates of cognitive activity and other research, the number of…

System Development Life Cycle SDLC is describes in the introductory section of this chapter. Thereafter, the stages of SDLC are examined with respect to their influence to this project. The stages range from planning to the testing phase of the project. There are many system development methodologies that IT systems can be designed however, in this project, Rapid Application Development “Throwaway Prototyping”…

Technology Assessment, 1990). In many cases, criminals take the initiative to clean up the crime scenes, which involves fixing furniture, wiping the place for fingerprints or wearing gloves. Additionally, there are also attempts to remove larger stains of blood. Hence, the use of DNA as a tool for forensic investigation cannot be overstated as almost all the cells in the body are haploid, excluding gametes. Additionally, several types of biological material are useable in forensic science for…

smokers have the right to smoke anywhere they wish, they have to think about and respect other people’s lives. Several studies show that smoke free laws have improved nonsmokers’ health. One analysis conducted by North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services found that the average weekly emergency room visits by North Carolinians experiencing heart attacks declined by 21 percent during the first year after the Smoke-Free Law was implemented in January 2010 (CDC). This improvement in…

Insulin is a type of hormone produce by the pancreas through the liver, which helps maintain healthy levels of Glucose in the blood. The problem with diabetes…

Skin pigmentation mutation: Melanin is a pigment which changes the colour of skin in humans. The more melanin in our skin the darker our skin colour is. Homo sapiens originally had a white-pink skin colour and they were covered in hair. Over time we grew less and less hair on our bodies resulting in less protection from the sun and its harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. In the very northern or southern countries, areas further away from the equator, there is less exposure to UV radiation due…