Lichen Sclerosus (LS) is a relativeley uncommon chronic inflammatory diseasethat often affects the external genitalia and perianal area. In 10% of cases there is also extragenital involvement. LS of the external genitalia has also been associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis and vulva. LS is 6-10 times more common in women where it often presents around menopause. In men LS is often seen in older men aged greater than 60 years. 15% of LS cases occur in children, mainly females,…
The Human Papillomavirus known as HPV is a very common virus and sexually transmitted infection in the United States. “World Health organization (WHO) report on worldwide prevalence of HPV is 440 million” (Prasai, 2008). There are more than 100 different types of HPV but the ones that we know about attack the genital area. As soon as an individual makes the decision to have sexual intercourse they become exposed to the virus. The virus is transmitted by skin to skin contact; it can spread during…
Physiological vaginal discharge does not need medical intervention. However discharge associated with increased quantity, pruritus, and foul smell, with changes in its colour or with blood seeks medical treatment (Panda et al, 2013).There are different types of pathogens causing vaginal discharge and their identification is challenging. Vaginitis caused by bacteria, fungi or protozoa can be associated with altered vaginal discharge and odor (Kataria et al, 2015). Vulval irritation, or pruritus…
Cervical cancer is usually a squamous cell carcinoma caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) infection; less often, it is an adenocarcinoma ("Merck Manuals," 2013). It is asymptomatic in its early stage. The first symptom is usually irregular, often postcoital bleeding. Signs and symptoms of a more advanced cervical cancer usually include vaginal bleeding after intercourse, between periods or after menopause; watery, bloody vaginal discharge that may be heavy and have a foul odor; and pelvic pain…
com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/cervical-cancer.jpg B-https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/b/hpv-human-papillomavirus-21932351.jpg The human papilloma virus is a virus for which no cure is found. It is passed on from one person to the next through skin to skin contact of the reproductive organs during sexual intercourse or any other skin to skin contact of the reproductive organs. In most cases, your body's immune system defeats an HPV infection before it creates warts. When the virus…
What are STDs (sexually transmitted diseases)? STDs are a disease that many people get from being sexually active. Some STDs are caused by different things other than being sexually active, such as sharing the same bedding, the same towel, same clothing, and toilet seats. Some STDs men will have symptoms and women won’t have symptoms. Chlamydia is the most common sexually transmitted disease that can be treated with antibiotics, it can be spread by doing oral, vaginal, or anal sex, Genital…
EBV belongs to human gamma-herpesviruses which are able to establish latency in lymphocyte. About more than 95% of adults are carriers of the virus. A common disease caused by EBV is mononucleosis. Besides, EBV can transform and cause cancer. Every year, there are 200,000 new cases of cancer and more than 140,000 deaths worldwide. Two major targets of The virus are B-lymphocytes and epithelial cells. Epstein-Barr virus has two stages in its life cycle; latency and lytic replications. Latent…
the effects and concentration of efavirenz may be decreased, and a moderate interaction with warfarin and may increase the risk of bleeding. 2. According to ACIP and the CDC website, it is recommended that this patient receive the Prevnar 13 vaccine. Adults aged 65 years or older who have not received PCV13, but have received a dose of PPSV23 should be administered PCV13 at least 1 year after the dose of PPSV23. 3. According to Clinical Pharmacology, LexiComp, and Facts & Comparisons,…
Cervical cancer is an abnormal growth of cells out of the cervix. This cancer is generally caused during a sexual intercourse by a virus, human papillomavirus (HPV). Others factors such as smoking, HIV, long time birth control pills (five years or more), several sexual partners can increase the risk of cervical cancer (CDC, 2014). A Pap test can detect cervical cancer in its early stage. Different studies have found that the prevalence of cervical cancer is high among immigrant Vietnamese women…
papillomavirus (HPV) infection. According to The American Cancer Society, in the United States, there are approximately 13,000 new cases of invasive cervical cancer each year, and about 4,000 women…