Horizontal gene transfer

Genetically modified organisms (GMO’s) have replaced our diet with genetically altered foods, which have adversely affected human health as well as local communities. Genetically modified organisms (GMO’s) are a broad group of plants, animals, and bacteria that are engineered for a wide variety of applications ranging from agricultural production to scientific research. The types of potential hazards posed by GMO’s vary according to the type of organism being modified and its intended…

traits and characteristics of their native counterparts. The genetically engineered salmon is one such organism. The genetically modified salmon, dubbed the AquAdvantage Salmon is an Atlantic salmon with a growth hormone from a Chinook salmon and a gene from the ocean (Dennis, B. 2012). This combination thus allows the salmon to reach its adult size in eighteen months instead of three years (Clausen, R., & Longo, S. B. 2012). Genetically engineered salmon pose a risk to the environment, perhaps…

parents and ancestors genes RNA- is the transcription of dna, ribonucleic acid; guides protein synthesis. Translation- process in which RNA is synthesized from the template DNA. Transcription- process in which RNA attaches to the ribosome and a protein is assembled. Replication- method of DNA replication in which parental strands separate, act as templates, and produce molecules of DNA with one parental DNA strand and one new DNA strand. Mutation- changing of the structure of a gene, resulting…

I believe my desire to study biology is driven by a desire to learn more about the unknown. I find the process of protein synthesis, DNA replication and respiration to be captivating to say the least. The discovery of how pathogens transfer anti-biotic resistance genes between each other, not…

Antibiotic resistance is also spreading via environmental transfers as bacteria are traveling from place to place (e.g. through wind, water, airplanes and people via coughing, sneezing, or unwashed/unclean hands or surfaces) (Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics, 2014). Resistant bacteria can further spread…

also offers an invalid presumption that omnipresent of DNA suggests, that life, as we know it, “arose” from non-living “matter only once.” Through our inferences of LUCA, we acquire that there may have been several LUCAs that use horizontal gene transfer (HGT) to exchange genes, which may have brought life to what we know it as today. He then contradicts his earlier statement by stating, “it is also possible that there were several, or even many, origins of life” (Dobzhansky, 1973, p. 127).…

techniques of genetic engineering so that its DNA contains one or more genes not normally found there. This is typically accomplished through transgenesis, which is the usage of a bacterium to transfer DNA. Humans Altering DNA began, as Charles Darwin described, with selective breeding, or artificial selection. Humans choose which organism to breed and, hence, choose with genes to pass on. Repeated selection of superior genes has the possibility of altering a species in the long run. One of the…

Quantity of heat Q = mcθ absorbed or lost by a substance 4. What does specific heat 900 J of heat needs to be supplied to 1 kg of aluminium 900 J kgof aluminium to produce a 1 °C -1 1 °C mean? temperature increase. 5. What does specific heat 4 200 J of heat needs to be supplied to 1 of water 4 200 J kg-1°C-1 kg of water to produce a 1 °C temperature mean? increase. 6. The physical When two objects of equal mass are heated at meaning of equal rates, the object with the smaller specific specific…

Heat and mass transfer properties of counter flow wet cooling tower are obtained through the balance of mass and energy equations. The assumptions made for deriving the governing equations are listed below [14, 15]: • Heat and mass transfer take place only normal to the flow direction. • Heat transfer to the environment through the walls are negligible. • Heat transfer from cooling-tower fan is negligible. • Specific heats of water and dry air are constant. • Heat and mass transfer coefficients…

Case Study 1: 1.The most likely cause of the ABO typing discrepancy in the reverse type is due to “unexpected antibodies” such as a cold/room temperature reacting alloantibody. 2.Since the auto control didn’t agglutinate, an alloantibody is suspected. With that being said, it needs to be one that reacts at room temperature. Furthermore, based on the antigen typing of the patient P1 is suspected to be interfering with the ABO results. The Lewis antigen was ruled out due to it being present on…