Homologous chromosome

meiosis has a synapsis of homologous chromosomes while mitosis does not. During daughter cell number and genetic composition, mitosis has two, each diploid cell is identical to the mother cell. While during meiosis this changes to 4 and each haploid cell contains half as many chromosomes as the mother cell and is inherently genetically different than the mother cell. Another difference is how the chromosomes align at the metaphase plate, during mitosis the chromosomes will align at the center,…

Trisomy is a cell that has three copies of one chromosome instead of having the normal two copies. Trisomy 21 is the congenital disorder better known as Down syndrome. This occurs when each cell has three copies of chromosome twenty-one rather than having a normal pair. Nondisjunction is "an error in which homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to separate normally during meiosis or mitosis" (Huether, McCancep, 2012, p.42). Therefore, a common cause of Down syndrome is nondisjunction…

For instance, there are two types of chromosomes: autosomal and sex chromosomes. Sex-linkage behaves differently from autosomal chromosomes since males tend to have more impacts. In addition, crossing over can also happens between homologous chromosome; however, the frequency of having recombinant of two genes varies depending the gene loci. Crossing over can happens to any chromosome except for the male fruit fly sex chromosome due to unknown reason. Recombinant frequency uses to…

of the PD (parental ditype) and NPD (non-parental ditype) asci along with the segregation independently, should be equal. The second hypothesis is for linked genes and this is that both of the spore coloration are seen on the same pair of homologous chromosomes. This just makes them inherited together due to the linkage physically together. The rule states that Mendel’s law doesn’t correspond with this and it would not make sense if the genes were linked. If the genes were linked then the PD and…

Purpose: Meiosis is the process by which cell division results in the production of new cells containing half the number of chromosomes of the original cell. These cells are recognized as gametes and can recombine in order to create a zygote during fertilization. The purpose of this assessment is to demonstrate a clear understanding of the reproductive process and fertilization, through the presentation of a flow chart of this process in mythical dragons. Method: Step 1) Creative title Step 2)…

decrease in the devils population. The oldest strand of the tumor cell contains thirteen chromosomes, nine are recognizable and four of which are mutated "markers". When Pearse first examined the cancer cells, she discovered that the chromosomes were mangled: One pair of chromosomes was missing entirely, one lacked a partner, one was chomped off, and some leftover bits were jammed together into extra chromosomes. This is not uncommon in general for cancer cells. The comparisons amongst all the…

formula was used: Cross Over= (B+C)/(A+B+C) Therefore, the cross-over frequency is found by adding the total number of recombinant asci and dividing that by the total number of asci. In order to calculate map distance, which is the distance the chromosome is from the centromere, the following formula was used: Map Distance= (% Crossed Over)/2 The percentage of cross-over must be divided by two because mitosis occurred, duplicating the cells. Therefore, only half of the spores are from…

meaning that they have two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. Meiosis is used to produce haploid cells that have only one set of chromosomes, a mix of chromosomes from both parents. Meiosis produces cells that are genetically unique from their parent cells. Unique haploid cells are produced in part by crossing over, which occurs in prophase I on meiosis. Crossing over is the process by which during synapsis, homologous chromosomes exchange sets of DNA, resulting…

Y chromosome is a sex determine chromosome among many species including modern humans. Modern studies in genome suggested that Y chromosome arose from the accumulations of mutations of other chromosomes and have some special genes on it which determine the gender of the carrier; however, some non-mammalian animals carry the Y chromosome even if their genders are not determine by the appearance of the Y chromosome. The Y chromosome works differently on the mammalian and non-mammalian so in this…

they produce large quantities of progeny. Besides these reasons, this species has more advantages for genetic analyses. While most organisms have a higher chromosome count, D. melanogaster has only four chromosome pairs, three pairs of autosomal chromosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes, making it fairly easy to determine on what chromosome…