Holoprosencephaly

their correct places, and a life span longer than a few hours. Some children who are born with holoprosencephaly, or HPE, aren't quite as lucky. Victims of this disease suffer with various abnormalities to the face and brain, sometimes resulting in death. Their symptoms can range from almost normal facial features and brain development, to something most of us thought only occurred in fictional novels. When your brain is being formed it usually divides into two hemispheres, a right and a left. "To establish the line that separates the two hemispheres (the midline), the activity of many genes must be tightly regulated and coordinated. These genes provide instructions for making signaling proteins, which instruct the cells within the brain to form the right and left hemispheres." (Genetics Home.). If mutations occur within these genes it results in the production of abnormal or nonfunctioning signal proteins. Without the correct signals, the brain does not separate into two hemispheres. The mutation most…

Cyclopia is a part of holoprosencephaly disorders which result from the failure of the forebrain to develop properly. Cyclopia presents as alobar holoprosencephaly which is the most severe form and one characterization of such a disorder is the lack of midline structures. The lack or abundance of tissue in the midface, prevents the two nasal primordia from joining the midline. When shh is expressed by the prechordal plate and ventral midline of the diencephalon, it causes Pax-6 expression in the…

on this topic such as lethal conditions, some laws associated with terminating a pregnancy, and tests that go into helping make a diagnosis. After that, the paper will be divided based on information related to continuing the pregnancy, terminating the pregnancy and then will conclude with things that make the diagnosis process worse or better for the parents. Background, Tests, and Laws. The topic of this paper is continuing or terminating a pregnancy after a fatal diagnosis has been…

The skeletal landmarks tend to be more constant and reliable than the soft tissue landmarks. DEFINING FEATURES OF CRANIOFACIAL CLEFTS Number 0 cleft  The number 0 Tessier craniofacial clefts are unique in that there may be deficient, normal, or excess tissue.  Median craniofacial hypoplasia (deficiency of midline structures):  Clinically, it may be important to distinguish among patients with poor brain differentiation (alobar holoprosencephaly) who may die in infancy from those with a…

multicellular organisms. Shh is particularly important in the dorsoventral axis of the neural tube which will be examined in detail in this essay. The mechanisms of this pathway, the impact of Shh on cell fate and the genetic regulation events that occur as a result will be explored. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . … . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shh is involved in regulating many of the major events during the…