History of science

in the laboratory to other animals. Exclusively on mice, rats, and other animals whose use is unregulated.Rats are nonhuman animals carrying an enormous weight of metaphor and meaning throughout the world; rats of all kinds are entwined with human history.…

the dominant sciences, a key strength to the relativist argument is its ability to consider subjugated knowledges. According to the standard view of knowledge, different ways of knowing are part of a continuous and unitary epistemological tradition. However, instead of being equally considered knowledge is hierarchically structured so that one type of knowledge system becomes dominant leading to what Kuzmic (2014) calls ‘epistemological hegemony’ (p. 79). For a long time Western sciences were…

When critics talk about the archetypal theory, three persons must be taken into consideration. They are James Frazer, Carl Jung and Northrop Frye. In the beginning of 20th century, James George Frazer, the Scottish anthropologist, who first used the concept of archetype in description of myths and rituals. His masterpiece The Golden Bough in Frye’s eyes is not only a great work of anthropology but also a work of literary criticism (Frye, 2009: 109). To some degree, this book can be considered as…

In a study, called “Child Fatalities from Religion-Motivated Medical Neglect”, it women and men who assist in birth are not properly trained, and no women can make decisions over their husbands’ choices, no matter what the choice is. (Hall,8) Also, many times, people (children) are denied injury treatment or illness prevention because of this, such as when a child died of pneumonia, whereas another child had already died of the same disease years ago. The couple had clearly chosen faith healing,…

outcome of how television affects them directly. Television has a direct influence on the intelligence levels of Americans based on the programs that are viewed and how they mentally process the information within it. Television and its Relationship to Science Many Americans watch television…

I can remember, I have never really been able to sympathize with religion. The ideas presented were often too far-fetched or otherwise outlandish for me to appreciate. I have always been more for the sciences. This is not to say that the two cannot coexist, rather that the systematic nature of science has always appealed to me far more than the more ethereal nature of religious thought has. That being said, now that I have learned a bit more about Hinduism, and now that I have been able to step…

Europe. The Renaissance introduced a lot of different innovations, philosophies, and ways to think about religion and government. Humanism was a way of basing things on evidence and not supernatural. Also humanists thought that human choice changed history and not supernatural beings. Scientists like Copernicus and Galileo had troubles with the church trying to spread information on how the universe and solar system worked. The Scientific Revolution introduced many different ideas about how the…

There has been a long history of animal experimentation especially in the cosmetic and medical industries. Approximately twenty-six million animals undergo painful suffering or death due to testing (ProCon). Many people argue we would not be where we are today if not for animal testing. However, with advancements in scientific and medical technology animal testing is no longer a morally defensible practice. Not only are there alternative methods, but animals are biologically different from human…

Fetal Sus Dissection and Exploration S. Topzand, N. Gigliazza, N. Cordell, E. Nomura, J. Immel Introduction: Dissection is a medical procedure that has proved its significance in the progression of what we know, anatomically, about every organism since it was first performed by two Roman physicians in the 3rd century. Not only that, but it has also helped to spark other very substantial scientific studies. So exactly how far back does dissection go? Well in about the third century, BCE, there…

Crop circles are huge geometric designs not seen by the naked eye. Many people will claim that these giant shapes are made from alien spaceships as no entrance or exit in these circles. What causes these circles? Is there a scientific explanation? We will explore common theories, scientific explanations, and then cross examine the results to understand what the significance of these mysterious designs are. The common theories as stated in an article on ufoevidence.org, suggests there are nine…